Propagation of False Information on Covid-19 among Nigerians on Social Media
Main Article Content
Abstract
Social media has become an indispensable aspect of modern life since it enables the distant creation of material for the purposes of amusement and information exchange, facilitating quicker and easier information sharing in Nigeria and around the globe. Through social networks and online communities, social media, as computer-mediated technology, promotes the development and exchange of concepts, awareness, professional interests, information, and other forms of expression. In Nigeria, the Covid-19 outbreak ushered in a digital age of first-ever marketing. During that time, citizens used social media to raise awareness among the public and demand action from the government to stop the spread of the virus. Within this conceptual context, the postulation of Technological Determinism theory serves the study goal. The study used secondary data to generate information on the subject matter. These sources provided concrete context for the thematic area of analysis. To interrogate the literature, a content analysis of secondary data was conducted. This made it possible to assess the body of knowledge in order to determine its applicability, consistency, and replication. It was established that customers used to rely on more traditional media, including radio and television, which included comparatively fewer and more reputable news sources. Consumers today are exposed to online information sources (the Internet), which was created to spread information and shape public opinion on topics by dictating what information is made available. The study concludes that the way that real-time audience participation has led to crowd sourcing content, which reflects the effects of rapidly evolving digital technology, online behaviors, and newsgathering techniques that has transformed journalistic practice as a result of social media. Members of a network can now communicate globally as a result of web-based applications, which facilitate the spread of fake information.
Article Details
How to Cite
Aondover, E. M., Uchendu Chinelo Ebele, Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem, & Omolara Oluwabusayo Akin-Odukoya. (2024). Propagation of False Information on Covid-19 among Nigerians on Social Media. LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature, 5(3), 158-172. https://doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v5i3.1206
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References
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Kurfi, M. Y, Aondover. M. E. & Mohammed. I. (2021). Digital Images on Social Media and Proliferation of Fake News on Covid-19 in Kano, Nigeria. Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies. 2021. 1(1), pp. 103-124. Doi: https://doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v3i1.111.
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McQuail, D. (2014). Mass Communication Theory: An introduction (6. ed., Rep). London: Sage Publication.
Mojaye, E. M. & Aondover, E. M. (2022). Theoretical perspectives in world information systems: A propositional appraisal of new media-communication imperatives, Journal of Communication and Media Research, 14(2), 100-106
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Ogechi, A. P. (2022). Information seeking behavior on Covid-19 vaccine among residents of Fagge Local Government Area of Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2526-2541.
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Obi-Ani N.A, Anikwenze C, & Isiani M. C. (2020). Social media and the Covid-19 pandemic: Observations from Nigeria, Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7:1, 1799483. Retrived: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1799483.
Obi-Ani N.A, Anikwenze C, & Isiani M. C. (2020). Social media and the Covid-19 pandemic: Observations from Nigeria, Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7:1, 1799483. Retrived: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1799483.
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select Nollywood films. International Journal of Applied and Scientific Research (IJASR) 2(4): 433-448.
Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., & Siddique, R. (2020). COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research, 24, 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005.
Sohrabi, C. A. J. (2020). World Health Organisation declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery.
Storsul, T. (2011). Deliberation or self-presentation? Paper for Nord Media 2011. Akureiry, Iceland.
Sulaiman K. A., Adeyemi I. O., & Ayegun I. (2020). International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology,10(4), 65-82 (December).
Usman, B., Aondover, E. M., A., & Olaitan Ridwanullah, A. (2022). Social media literacy: fake news consumption and perception of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 9(1), 2138011.
Vitalis, P.O, Onyejelem, T.E, & Okuneye, A.P. (2024). Understanding advertising in the era of social media. Information System and Smart City, 3(1): doi: 10.59400/issc.v3i1.502
Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146–1151. doi: 10.1126/science aap 9559.
World Health Organisation. (2020). Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: Implications for IPC precaution recommendations who.int/health-topics/coronavirus. https://www.who.int.health-topics/coronavirus
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Ahmed, M. O., & Aondover, E. M. (2022). Assessment of the spread of fake news of Covid-19 amongst social media users in Kano State, Nigeria. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 100189.
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Aondover, E. M. & Phillips, D. (2020). Media framing of Covid-19 pandemic: A Study of Daily Trust and Vanguard Newspapers in Nigeria. ASJ: International Journal of Health, Safety and Environment (IJHSE), 6(5) 588 – 596.
Aondover, E. M. (2020). Internet Meme as a Campaign Tool to the Fight against Covid-19 in Nigeria. Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 20(6), 27–39.
Aondover, E. M., Okuneye, A. P., & Onyejelem, T. E. (2024). Application of new media in peace building and conflict resolution in Nigeria. Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies, 6(1). https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jacaps/vol6/iss1/8
Aondover, E. M., Oyeleye, S. A., & Aondover, P. P. (2022). Analysis of Iconographic Effect of Visual Communication Genre on Covid-19 in Nigeria. Journal of Gynaecology and women’s health, 23(3), 1-10.
Aondover, P. O., Aondover, E. M., & Babele, A. M. (2022). Two nations, same technology, different outcomes: Analysis of technology application in Africa and America. Journal of Educational Research and Review, 1(1), 001-008.
Apuke, O. D., & Omar, B. (2021). Fake News and Covid-19: Modelling the Predictors of Fake News Sharing Among Social Media Users. Telematics and informatics 56:101475 DOI:10.1016/j.tele.2020.101475.
Asemah, E. (2018). Fake news and Nigeria’s herder crisis. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-4465514 8
Bowd, K. (2016). Social Media and News media: Building new publics or fragmenting audience. In M. Griffiths & K. Barbour (Eds.), Making public, making spaces (pp. 129- 144). University of Adelaide Press.
Chinedu, E. (2020). Nigeria: Air Peace Evacuates 15 Chinese Doctors, 289 Others. Retrieved from All Africa: https://allafrica.com/stories/20200530021.html .
Daily Trust. (2020). Nigeria: On the Madagascar COVID-19 Cure. May 31 Retrieved from All Africa: https://allafrica.com/stories/202005180296.html
Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Bsd R. P., Wilder-Smith, A. & Larson, H. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. J Travel Med, Mar 03:1-4. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa031.
Ezeamalu, B. (2020). Coronavirus: How Kano’s index case deceived us Medical Doctor. premiumtimesng.com:https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/388214-coronavirus-how-kanos-index-case-deceived-us-medical-doctor.html.
Fry, K. G. (2017). What Do We Mean by Fake? What Do We Mean by News? Spectra, the
Hassan, I. (2020). Covid-19: The Dual Threat of a virus and a Fake News Epidemic. Premium Times. https://headtopics.com/ng/covid-19-the-dual-threat-of-a-virus-and-a-fake-news- epidemic-by-idayat-hassan-premium-times-opin-12109663.
Hauer. T (2017). Technological Determinism and New Media. International Journal of English, Literature and Social Science (IJELS) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017 ISSN: 2456-7620. https://www.academia.edu/33359880/Technological_determinism_and_new_media
Hollander, B. A. (2018). Partisanship, Individual Differences, and News Media Exposure as Predictors of Conspiracy Beliefs. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(3), 691–713. doi: 10.1177/107769 90177289 19.
Kent S. (2020). Fear spreads like a virus: How coronavirus panic is taking a toll on NJ's mental health. URL: https://tinyurl. com/ybwxk6o3 [accessed March 08].
Kiernan, R. (2017). With the Rise of Fake News on Social Media, Can Information Literacy Impact How Students Evaluate Information on Their Social Media Channels? [Master’s thesis, Dublin Business School] https://esource.dbs.ie/handle/10788/3319.
Kim, K. S., Yoo‐Lee, E., & Joanna Sin. (2011). Social media as information source: Undergraduates' use and evaluation behavior. The American Society for Information Science and Technology,48(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2011.14504801283.
Kurfi, M. Y, Aondover. M. E. & Mohammed. I. (2021). Digital Images on Social Media and Proliferation of Fake News on Covid-19 in Kano, Nigeria. Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies. 2021. 1(1), pp. 103-124. Doi: https://doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v3i1.111.
Lampos, V., Moura, S., Yom-Tov, E., Cox, I. J., McKendry, R., & Edelstein. (2020). Tracking Covid-19 using online search. 93,4-9.http://arviv.org/abs/2003.08086.
Lauer, S. G. (2020). The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Annals of Internal Medicine, 577-582.
Liu, P.L. & Huang, L.V. (2020), “Digital disinformation about COVID-19 and the third- person effect: examining the channel differences and negative emotional outcomes”, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 00(00), 1-5, doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0363.
McQuail, D. (2014). Mass Communication Theory: An introduction (6. ed., Rep). London: Sage Publication.
Mojaye, E. M. & Aondover, E. M. (2022). Theoretical perspectives in world information systems: A propositional appraisal of new media-communication imperatives, Journal of Communication and Media Research, 14(2), 100-106
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Ogechi, A. P. (2022). Information seeking behavior on Covid-19 vaccine among residents of Fagge Local Government Area of Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2526-2541.
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Ogechi, A. P. (2022). Information seeking behavior on Covid-19 vaccine among residents of Fagge Local Government Area of Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2526-2541.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. First Case of Corona Virus Disease Confirmed in Nigeria (2020). https://ncdc.gov.ng/news/227/first-caseof- corona- virus-disease-confirmed-in Nigeria.
Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2015). Displacing Misinformation about Events: An Experimental Test of Causal Corrections. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 2(1), 81–93. doi:10.1017/XPS.2014.22.
Obi-Ani N.A, Anikwenze C, & Isiani M. C. (2020). Social media and the Covid-19 pandemic: Observations from Nigeria, Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7:1, 1799483. Retrived: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1799483.
Obi-Ani N.A, Anikwenze C, & Isiani M. C. (2020). Social media and the Covid-19 pandemic: Observations from Nigeria, Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7:1, 1799483. Retrived: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1799483.
Oboko, U. & Onyejelem, T.E (2024) Identity constructions and social correction. Magazine of the National Communication Association, 53(4), 8–12.
Oginni, S. O., & Motui, J.N. (2015). Social Media and Public Policy Process in Africa: Enhanced Policy Process in Digital Age, Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development, 14(2),158-172.
Okon, D. (2020). Lamentation still trails Lagos, FG’s palliative package as middlemen hijack programme.April 19 Retrieved from Businessday.ng: https://businessday.ng/features/article/lamentation-still-trails-lagos-fgs-palliative- package-as-middlemen-hijack-programme/.
Onyejelem, T. E., & Aondover, E. M. (2024a). Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory (DGMTT): A Theoretical Postulation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Adv Mach Lear Art Inte, 5(2), 01-09.
Onyejelem, T. E., & Aondover, E. M. (2024b). Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory (DGMTT): A Theoretical Postulation. Journalism, 14(3), 189-204.
Onyejelem, T.E & Nwokeocha, I.M (2024). Evaluation of child’s right portrayal in representational dynamics of reconstructing Igbo proverbs among digital natives: A socio-pragmemic analysis. In Raji-Oyelade, A. (ed.). Postproverbials at work: The context of radical proverb-making in Nigerian languages. Online Supplement 4. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osije. (229-261)
Onyeji, E. (2020). Premium Times. Retrieved from Nigeria bans all international flights as coronavirus cases rise: https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/383095- updated-nigeria-bans-all-international-flights-as-coronavirus-cases-rise-coronavirus- coronavirusinnigeria- coronavirusupdate-coronaviruspandemic.html March 21.
Pate, U. A., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Msughter, A. E. (2020). Public awareness, knowledge and perception of covid-19 in Tarauni LGA and Kano metropolitan area of Kano state, Nigeria. Media & Communication Currents, 4(2), 52-69.
Sahu, K.K., Mishra, A.K. & Lal, A. (2020), “Comprehensive update on current outbreak of novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV)”, Annals of Translational Medicine, Vol. 8 No. 6, pp. 1-11, doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.92.
select Nollywood films. International Journal of Applied and Scientific Research (IJASR) 2(4): 433-448.
Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., & Siddique, R. (2020). COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research, 24, 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005.
Sohrabi, C. A. J. (2020). World Health Organisation declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery.
Storsul, T. (2011). Deliberation or self-presentation? Paper for Nord Media 2011. Akureiry, Iceland.
Sulaiman K. A., Adeyemi I. O., & Ayegun I. (2020). International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology,10(4), 65-82 (December).
Usman, B., Aondover, E. M., A., & Olaitan Ridwanullah, A. (2022). Social media literacy: fake news consumption and perception of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 9(1), 2138011.
Vitalis, P.O, Onyejelem, T.E, & Okuneye, A.P. (2024). Understanding advertising in the era of social media. Information System and Smart City, 3(1): doi: 10.59400/issc.v3i1.502
Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146–1151. doi: 10.1126/science aap 9559.
World Health Organisation. (2020). Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: Implications for IPC precaution recommendations who.int/health-topics/coronavirus. https://www.who.int.health-topics/coronavirus
Yates, J. (2020). COVID-19 and Social Media: Limit the Spread of Fear by Changing Online Behavior. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/coronavirus-avoid-sharing- social- media-disinformation-1.5497000.