Indonesia-Finland Renewable Energy Development Cooperation
Keywords:
cooperating; national interest; renewable energy
Abstract
As the largest archipelagic country globally, Indonesia requires much energy to develop and preserve development and its natural wealth. As a biologically rich country, Indonesia has eight (8) renewable energy sources that must be processed and then utilised for maximum energy fulfilment throughout the archipelago and must be adjusted to its geographical specifications. The declaration of cooperation between Indonesia and Finland was signed by diversifying renewable energy sources from solar energy, bioenergy, and ocean wave energy. The implementation based on the MoU is the first to develop practical and environmentally sound technology using wind energy and ocean wave energy. The application of ocean wave energy as an alternative source of electrical energy by using technology. Second, the development of natural resources and technology in the electricity sector. This condition is done by building a micro hydropower plant. This research shows that cooperation between the two countries is quite effective. Both countries depend on each other to fulfil their respective interests. Because of that, there has been an effect between countries to re-enhance cooperation in the energy sector for a relatively long period, starting again from 2011–to 2014.
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References
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Renewable Energy Handbook. 2013. National Program for Community Empowerment. Jakarta.
Burchill, Scott and Linklater, Andrew. 1996. “Theories of International Relations”. EBT LEMHANAS RI Journal of Studies. Issue 14.
Holsti, K.J. 1998. International Politics, A Framework For Analysis. Volume II, Jakarta: LP3ES.
Mas'oed, Mohtar., 1990. International Relations: Disciplines and Methodology,
Mas'oed, Mohtar., 2003. Economic-Political and Development, Yogyakarta.
Press Release Number: 55/PUSKOM KESDM/2013 Date: 27 November 2013. Translation of M. Tahri Azhari. Erlangga. Jakarta.
Raoukre, John T. 2001. International Politics on the World Stage. USA Journal: Annual Forum -EEP Indonesia ia 2013: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic of Indonesia
Sabrina, A., Siregar, I., & Sosrohadi, S. (2021). Lingual Dominance and Symbolic Power in the Discourse of Using the PeduliLindungi Application as a Digital Payment Tool. International Journal of Linguistics Studies, 1(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2021.1.2.8
Salsabila, Siregar, I., & Sosrohadi, S. (2021). Analysis of Code Mixing in Jerome Polin Youtube Content “Nihongo Mantappu”. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 4(12), 01–08. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.12.1
Siregar, Iskandarsyah. (2016). Eksposisi General Psikolinguistik. Jakarta: LPU Unas
Siregar, I., Rahmadiyah, F., & Siregar, A. F. Q. (2021). Therapeutic Communication Strategies in Nursing Process of Angry, Anxious, and Fearful Schizophrenic Patients. British Journal of Nursing Studies, 1(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjns.2021.1.1.3
Siregar, I., Rahmadiyah, F., & Siregar, A. F. Q. (2021). Auditorium Model Assessment with Corrected Acoustic Function. British Journal of Physics Studies, 1(1), 01–06. Retrieved from https://al-kindipublisher.com/index.php/bjps/article/view/2610
Siregar, I. & Siregar, R. (2021). The Relevances between Poda Na Lima Philosophy with Islamic Perspective. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i4.3240
Siregar, I. & Salsabila. (2021). Acts of Illocutionary Speech by Ganjar Pranowo in the "One Hour Closer" Talkshow. International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies, 1(1), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijahs.2021.1.1.14
Siregar, I. & Sabrina, A. (2021). Representation of Religious Values in Gurindam Twelve and Their Relevances with Modern Era. International Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies, 1(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijcrs.2021.1.1.7
Siregar, I. (2021). Verbal Communication of Schizophrenic Patients Due to Neurotransmitter Distortion. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 13(2), 543-556.
Siregar, I. (2020). Exploration and Implementation of the Cultural System as a Solution to National and State Problems. http://repository.unas.ac.id/id/eprint/811
Siregar, I. (2021). Analysis of Betawi Language Interference on the Morphology of Adolescent Speech in Jakarta. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 3(8), 54-60. http://doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.8.7
Siregar, I. (2020). Geografi Leksikon Betawi. Jakarta: LPU Unas
Siregar, I. (2021). Epistemological Challenges Against Sociolinguistics. International Journal of Linguistics Studies, 1(2), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2021.1.2.6
Siregar, I. (2021). The Existence of Culture in its Relevance to the Dynamics of Globalization: Bahasa Indonesia Case Study. International Journal of Cultural and Religious Studies, 1(1), 33–38. Retrieved from https://www.al-kindipublisher.com/index.php/ijcrs/article/view/2285
Siregar, I., Rahmadiyah, F., & Siregar, A. F. Q. (2021). Linguistic Intervention in Making Fiscal and Monetary Policy. International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies, 1(1), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijahs.2021.1.1.8
Siregar, I., (2021). Research Methodology. Jakarta: Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia
Siregar, I., Rahmadiyah, F., & Siregar, A. F. Q. (2021). The Impact of Multisensory Stimulation of Biological Organs in Dysarthria Patients as Articulation Skills Rehabilitation. British Journal of Nursing Studies, 1(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjns.2021.1.1.3z
Siregar, I., & Zulkarnain. (2021). CSR-Based Corporate Environmental Policy Implementation. British Journal of Environmental Studies, 1(1), 51–57. Retrieved
Siregar, I. (2022). Cyber Library Auditorium Acoustic Evaluation in Acoustic Phonetic Perspective. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i1.4234
Siregar, I. (2022). Islamic Values in Palang Pintu Procession in Semiotic Perspective. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i1.4239
Siregar, I. (2022). Criticism of Philosophical Approaches to Sociolinguistics. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i1.4233
Siregar, I. (2022). The Effectiveness of Linguistics in Studying Fiscal and Monetary Policy Issues. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i1.4235
Siregar, I. (2022). The Effectiveness of Multisensory Stimulation Therapy in People with Specific Language Disorder. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i1.4238
Siregar, I. (2022). Semiotics Analysis in The Betawi Traditional Wedding "Palang Pintu": The Study of Semiotics Roland Barthes. International Journal of Linguistics Studies, 2(1), 01–07. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.1.1
Siregar, I., & Zulkarnain. (2022). The Relationship between Conflict and Social Change in the Perspective of Expert Theory: A Literature Review. International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies, 2(1), 09–16. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjahs.2022.2.1.2
Siregar, I. (2022). Implications of Learning Methods Based on Multisensory Stimulation Therapy in Patients with Transcortical Aphasia. I T A L I E N I S C H, 12(1), 809–818. https://doi.org/10.1115/italienisch.v12i1.252
Siregar, I. (2022). Papuan Tabla Language Preservation Strategy. LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature, 3(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v3i1.620
Siregar, I. (2022). Language Response as a Cultural Element to Globalization. Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture, 3(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.33258/lakhomi.v3i1.619
Siregar, I. (2022). Semiotic Touch in Interpreting Poetry. Britain International of Linguistics, Arts, and Education (BIoLAE-Journal), 4(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.33258/biolae.v4i1.618
Siregar, I., & Yahaya, S. R. (2022). Semiotic Exploration of Roti Buaya as a Cultural Ornament. British Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 06–13. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjal.2022.2.1.2
Siregar, I. (2022). Effective and Efficient Treatment of Regional Language Preservation Strategies in the Nusantara. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 4(2), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.2.3
Stern, P.C., Young, O.R., Druckman, D., 1992. Global Environmental Change: Under-
standing the Human Dimensions. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Sul, D., Phillips, P.C.B., Choi, C.-Y., 2005. Prewhitening bias in HAC estimation. Oxford Bull. Econ. Stat. 67 (4), 517–546.
Waggoner, P.E., Ausubel, J.H., 2002. A framework for sustainability science: a renovated IPAT identity. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 7860–7865.
Westerlund, J., 2007. Testing for error correction in panel data. Oxford Bull. Econ. Statist. 69, 709–748.
York, R., Rosa, E.A., Dietz, T., 2002. Bridging environmental science with environ- mental policy: plasticity of population, affluence, and technology. Soc. Sci. 83, 18–34.
York, R., Rosa, E.A., Dietz, T., 2003a. Footprints on the Earth: the environmental consequences of modernity. Am. Sociol. Rev. 68, 279–300.
York, R, Rosa, E.A., Dietz, T., 2003b. STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts. Ecol. Econ. 46, 351–365. Zhang, C., Lin, Y., 2012. Panel estimation for urbanization, energy consumption and
CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China. Energy Policy 49, 488–498.
Zhu, H-M., You, W-H., Zeng, Z-F., 2012. Urbanization and CO2 emissions: a semiparametric panel data analysis. Econ. Lett. 117, 848–850.
Published
2022-06-16
How to Cite
Aos Yuli Firdaus, & Harun Umar. (2022). Indonesia-Finland Renewable Energy Development Cooperation. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 4(2), 292-301. https://doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v4i2.668
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