Analysis of Prespect on Buddykuofficial Instagram Comments about Teddy Minahasa

: One of the media used in sharing news is Instagram. In Instagram media there is a comment column for the public to freely comment on the news being shared. Within these comments there are several types of presuppositions. That way the author wants to do an analysis to describe the types of presuppositions contained in the comments on the upload of the official Buddyku Instagram account on October 19, 2022 about the news about Teddy Minahasa. The amount of data is 20 sentences of Instagram comments that are screenshots that are transcribed. The data in this study were analyzed based on George Yule's presupposition theory which divides presuppositions into 6 types of presuppositions. The results showed that of the 6 types of presuppositions according to George Yule, only 5 types of presuppositions were found in the comments on the Buddykuoffficial Instagram account upload on 19 October 2022 about the Teddy Minahasa news, namely existential presuppositions, factual presuppositions, lexical presuppositions, structural presuppositions, and counterfactual presuppositions. The most common type of presupposition is structural presupposition which is indicated by the form of interrogative sentences. Thus it is concluded that in expressing a comment on news uploads from the Buddykuofficial Instagram account, many people use a type of structural presupposition with the intention of the comment writer stating a fact with a question sentence. The fact is that police officers and lawyers in Indonesia cannot be trusted.


I. Introduction
Language is human thoughts and speech produced by speech organs to work together, interact and communicate.Without the presence of language, people are unable to express feelings and thoughts as they wish, therefore language is very important in people's lives so that they are able to socialize or communicate properly (Pateda, 2005: 9).
It is very difficult to imagine many social and intellectual activities without the presence of language.In this increasingly modern era, people are most active in communicating or chatting through mass media, namely the means used in conveying messages from sources (communicators) to audiences (communicants/recipients) using mechanical communication tools, such as newspapers, radio, television., films, and the internet (Suryawati, 2011:37).
Internet media (Online Media) is a communication medium that utilizes internet devices.Because of this, online media is classified as popular and distinctive mass media (Suryawati, 2011: 46).The peculiarity of this media lies in the necessity to have an information technology network using computers and gadgets (mobile phones/android) to access information or news.Some of the media that can be accessed via the internet are Facebook, Instagram, Path, Whatsapp and other social media.
In general, the most active users of social media or mass media are on Instagram, both from children to the elderly.They already know one of these internet access.Instagram is a site that presents social networking services that provide up-to-date information and users can interact with other users.
When talking about the Instagram network, there is also an account that provides the latest information on what is happening in Indonesia, from companies, education, services, communities, artists, and so on.Especially in this study, the researcher chose the Buddykuofficial Instagram account about Teddy Minahasa.
The public is free to comment on Instagram accounts that discuss Teddy Minahasa, of course it is closely related to the language and context of speech which will be studied through pragmatic theory.
Pragmatics is the study of the ability of language users to adjust the sentences used according to the context (Pateda, 2005: 146).There are several theories studied in pragmatics including direct speech acts and indirect speech acts, speech acts, presuppositions, implicatures, diexist, and conversation or conventional activities between speakers and speech partners.In this case the author will examine one part of pragmatics, namely presuppositions.
Presupposition and speech comments have a close relationship, because the meaning of presupposition is something that is assumed by the speaker before the speaker produces an utterance (Yule, 2014: 3).Thus, through presuppositions, the intent of the commentary can be clearly seen based on the assumptions conveyed by the commentator to the speech partner, so as to prevent or reduce the risk of misunderstandings that may occur between speakers and their speech partners.Just understanding the meaning of a language cannot guarantee that someone can really understand the meaning of a speech.
According to George Yule in Pasaribu (2023) presupposition or in German it is called präsupposition in pragmatics is something that is assumed by the speaker in producing an utterance regardless of whether the assumption is true or false.George Yule in Hasibuan and Amri (2022) also divides the types of presuppositions into six, namely existential presuppositions, factive presuppositions, inactive presuppositions, lexical presuppositions, structural presuppositions and counterfactual presuppositions (Yule, 2014:43).The types of presuppositions contained in an utterance can be seen through markers in the form of words, phrases and sentence structures used in the utterance.
Presuppositions can be divided into two, namely semantic presuppositions and pragmatic presuppositions, semantic presuppositions are those that can be stated in a simple way and can be understood as presuppositions or called entailments (determinants, logical consequences), while pragmatic presuppositions are the assumptions the speaker makes in the form of expressions that he composes acceptable to the listener (reader).(Djadjasudarma, 2017:49).Example 1) Father: "Father is not feeling well, the medicine from the stall doesn't work, it's suitable for me to have treatment with doctor Ana, it costs Rp. 35,000".2) Child: "That's why Dad just quit smoking."The semantic presupposition of sentence 1) is that father is sick, he will recover if he seeks treatment at doctor Ana, while the pragmatic presupposition of example 1) is that the father does not have money for treatment and hopes to be given Rp.35,000 from his child and example 2) if he is sick, Dad still smokes.Julianti (2021) in his thesis journal on Prejudice in the Film Little Women by Greta Gerwig: George Yule's Theory.In Little Women, there are five types of presuppositions.The researcher did not find non-factive presuppositions.Meanwhile, Irpan and Lina (2019) in their research journal examined the Presupposition Analysis of Speeches in the Indonesian Lawyers Club regarding the 2019 RKUHP using George Yule's theory, where researchers found 46 presupposition data from 30 utterances consisting of 20 existential presupposition data, 8 factive presupposition data, 11 lexical presupposition data and 7 structural presupposition data.The presupposition that is most dominant or that often appears is existential presupposition.
FromFrom several studies in previous journals, it can be seen that the equations obtained regarding the assessment or analysis of types of presuppositions use George Yule's theory.The difference is the object of study discussed.If in the previous journal the object of study was in the form of speech in a conversation on a film.Other journals the object of study is in the form of speech in a conversation on a talk show on tvOne.
In this study, the researcher was interested in examining what utterances were spoken by commenters regarding news responses on the Buddykuofficial Instagram account that were observed or read by other Instagram users.In particular, the researcher chose social media, namely Instagram because it discussed a lot about social life such as the economy, politics, education, sports, and so on.In this case the researcher only focused on studying the crimes of police officers because based on the results of a survey of researchers, articles published on Instagram accounts reaped a lot of rewards.the comment is about the problem of crime.Observing humans in an increasingly modern era that is not spared from Instagram, the researcher is interested in raising this topic as an object of research.This study aims to identify, classify, analyze, and describe the types of presuppositions that exist in comments on the Buddykuofficial Instagram account.

Pragmatics
Pragmatics is one of the studies of language that includes the macrolinguistic level, namely the study of the meaning conveyed by speakers (writers) and interpreted by listeners (readers).This means that pragmatics examines the relationship between language elements associated with language users, not only in linguistic aspects in the inward or microlinguistic sphere.In general, pragmatics is defined as the study of language that relates to what is meant by language users with their utterances associated with the context that underlies language explanation in relation to language use.Pragmatics according to George Yule is "pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning."(Yule, 1996:3).In other words, pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that discusses the meaning of speakers' utterances and is not a word meaning or dictionary meaning.Yule also explained that pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning, about how to convey more than is said.In addition, Yule explained that pragmatics also studies expressions of distance relationships.In this study, discussion of pragmatic studies is more limited to presuppositions.

Presupposition a. Definition of Presupposition
Presupposition is one of the pragmatic studies regarding the basic assumptions or assumptions about the language context that expresses the meaning or information that the speaker wants to mean.Yule defines (in Dia, 2012, p. 12) that a presumption is something a speaker assumes as an event before producing an utterance.

b. Types of Presuppositions
Currently, Yule is the only one who classifies presuppositions into six types, namely: 1. Existential Presuppositions Existential presuppositions according to Yule (2006, p. 46) state that existential presuppositions are presuppositions that are not only assumed to be in the possessive arrangement, but also more generally or more broadly into certain noun phrases.This presupposition indicates ownership, but more broadly associates the existence of statements in speech.Existential presupposition is a presupposition that shows the existence/existence/identity of the referent which is expressed in a definite word.

Factual Presupposition
Factual presupposition according to Yule (2006, p. 46) mentions factual presuppositions with factive presuppositions.According to Yule, factive presuppositions are information that is presupposed that follows a verb can be considered as fact.Information conveyed in words that show a fact or news that is believed to be true.Considering that the speech is not necessarily a verb, you can also use adjectives that can give a definite meaning in the utterance.Factual presupposition is presupposed information that follows the verb 'know' can be considered as reality.A number of other verbs, such as 'realize', 'regret', as well as phrases involving the verb 'be' with 'aware', 'surprised, and ' happy' that has factual presuppositions.

Nonfactual Presuppositions
Non-factual presupposition (non-factive presupposition) according to Yule (2006, p. 50) is a presupposition that is assumed to be incorrect.This presupposition allows for a wrong understanding because of the use of words that are uncertain and still ambiguous.Non-active presupposition is a presupposition that is assumed to be incorrect.Verbs such as 'dream', 'imagine' and 'pretend'.

Lexical Presupposition
Lexical Presupposition according to Yule (2006, p. 47) explains, generally in lexical presuppositions, the use of a form of meaning that is stated is conventionally interpreted with the presupposition that another meaning (which is not stated) is understood.This presupposition is a presupposition that is obtained through utterances that are interpreted through affirmation in utterances.The difference is that with factual presuppositions, utterances which are lexical presuppositions are stated in an implied manner so that confirmation of the presuppositions of the speech can be obtained after the statement of the utterance.In general, in lexical presuppositions, the use of a form with a stated meaning is conventionally interpreted with the presupposition that it has another (unstated) meaning.The examples presented.

Structural Presupposition
Structural presuppositions according to Yule (2006, p. 49) are presuppositions expressed through speech whose structure is clear and immediately understood without looking at the words used.The structure of certain sentences that have been analyzed as a fixed and conventional presupposition that part of the structure has been assumed to be true which is marked through the use of question words in speech.Structural presuppositions are certain sentence structures that have been analyzed as regular and conventional presuppositions that that part of the structure has been assumed to be true.It is possible that the speaker uses such structures for presupposed information, because it is considered true and the truth is accepted by the listener.

Counterfactual Presupposition
Counterfactual presupposition according to Yule (2006, p. 51) that what is presupposed is not only untrue, but the opposite (opposite) of true or 'contrary to reality'.This presupposition is a presupposition that results in the opposite understanding of the statement or is contradictory.

III. Result and Discussion
The results of the analysis obtained from Buddykuofficial's Instagram comments regarding Teddy Minahasa which were uploaded on October 19, 2022 using George Yule's theory, there are several types of presuppositions in the comments, including the following:

Existential Presuppositions
Existential presuppositions indicate belonging.This presupposition also shows existence, existence of identity, referents expressed in certain words.There are 4 data in Buddykuofficial's Instagram comments which are existential presuppositions, namely: The speaker above has the presupposition that the lawyer for Teddy Minahasa is a DPR member from the PDIP party who is close to the police.Henry Yosodiningrat is a lawyer from Teddy Minahasa who is a member of the DPR from the PDI Perjuangan faction from the Electoral District of Lampung II for the 2014-2019 period.This data can be seen from the dpr.go.id website.

Screenshot Data Transcript
This gentleman specializes in being a police attorney with problems, I think Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=" You specialize in being a police lawyer with problems, I think"(D2/K1/APRA/PE) In this comment, the speaker presupposes that Henry Yosodiningrat is a specialist lawyer for troubled police.According to data from the kompas.tvwebsite, the attorney for Hendra Kurniawan (former National Police High Officer) is Henry Yosodiningrat.

Table 4. Buddykuofficial's Instagram comments Screenshot Data Transcript
His lawyer is the chairman of the antidrug movement but defends a large narcotics dealer Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "His lawyer is the chairman of the anti-drug movement but defends the big drug dealer" (D3/K1/APRA/PE) The speaker above is of the opinion that the lawyer from Teddy Minahasa is the head of the anti-drug movement but defends the big narcotics dealers.Based on data from the websites tirto.idand dpr.go.id, Henry Yosodiningrat is the founder of the anti-drug guard institution in Indonesia, namely GRANAT (National Movement Against the Abuse of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs).

Screenshot Data Transcript
The head of the anti-drug movement becomes a lawyer for suspected drug dealers, MANTAPPPPPPPPPP Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "The head of the anti-drug movement becomes a lawyer for suspected drug dealers, MANTAPPPPPPPPPP" (D4/K1/APRA/PE) Based on the two data above, it shows that lawyer from Teddy Minahasa is the chairman of the anti-drug movement.Based on data from the websites tirto.idand dpr.go.id, Henry Yosodiningrat is the founder of the anti-drug guard institution in Indonesia, namely GRANAT (National Movement Against the Abuse of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs).

Factual Presupposition
Factual presuppositions contain information that is presumed to follow verbs, where these words indicate a fact or news that is believed to be true.Given that the speech is not necessarily a verb, you can also use adjectives.
From the data obtained from Instagram buddykuoffcial comments, there are 6 data that fall into the type of factual presupposition.

Table 6. Buddykuofficial's Instagram comments Screenshot Data Transcript
The wrong turn, a lot of money has a position that queues to defend a lot Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "The wrong turn has a lot of money, has a position that queues to defend a lot" (D1/K1/APRA/PF) The speaker is aware and knows that someone who has a position and a lot of money wins a lot.As is well known, Teddy Minahasa has been a Senior Police Officer since October 14, 2022 as a Senior Service Officer for the Indonesian National Police Headquarters (Pati Yanma Polri), sourced from Wikipedia.

Screenshot Data Transcript
It doesn't make sense to make police operations to catch criminals with personal money, if possible just smoke cigarettes from the state treasury Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "It doesn't make sense, making police operations to catch criminals with personal money, if possible just smoke from the state treasury" (D2/K1/APRA/PF) The speaker is aware that police operations to catch criminals with personal money are impossible, because basically the budget for carrying out these operations has been regulated by SIKEU (Finance Section) based on the website tabessby.jatim.polri.go.id.Where is there a general who intervenes like that…he also has instructions, traps!!! How to frame him, it's the duty of the ranks, why do high school apollo schools have ranks up to commander in chief….ifyou want to come up with an alibi that's clever, digit a general Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "What do you think people are stupid?Where is there a general who intervenes like that…he also has instructions, traps!!! How to frame him, it's the duty of the staff, why do high school apollo schools have ranks up to commander in chief….ifyou want to make an alibi that is clever, digit a general" (D3/K1/APRA/PF) The above statement is a factual presupposition because the speaker is aware that the general does not have to intervene in this task.The one who carries out the task or instruction should be a member of the police in the Narcotics Investigation division.

Screenshot Data Transcript
There The speech above assumes that legal counsel in Indonesia always defends those who are wrong.As in this case, a lawyer who is the head of anti-drugs defends a client who has problems with drugs.

Screenshot Data Transcript
Please Uncle Teddy, don't have too many dramas like the former general who went viral... Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "Please Uncle Teddy, don't get into a lot of drama like the former general who went viral..." (D5/K1/APRA/PF) In the story above, it is assumed that the general who has gone viral has a lot of drama, where the general is Ferdy Sambo, whose case took a very long time to be resolved.The speaker hopes that there won't be much drama in the Teddy Minahasa case and that it will be investigated immediately.

Table 11. Buddykuofficial's Instagram comments Screenshot Data Transcript
The chief of police remains firm Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "Only the police chief's firmness" (D6/K1/APRA/PF) The speaker assumed that in fact the chief of police was not firm enough in investigating and resolving cases involving important people.

Lexical Presupposition
Lexical presupposition describes the use of a form of meaning that is stated conventionally interpreted with the presupposition that another meaning (which is not stated) is understood.
From the data obtained from Buddykuoffcial's Instagram comments, there are 4 data that fall into the type of lexical presupposition.In the story above, there is an assumption that in the past the son of lawyer Henry Yosodiningrat was caught in a drug case.Like the news on the CNNIndonesia website where the child of a politician from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) tested positive for narcotics after undergoing a urine test at the police.The speaker assumed that Teddy Minahasa had no intention of trapping, but was indeed selling narcotics because, as it is known, Teddy Minahasa's assets did not make sense on the kompas.comwebsite, his assets reached IDR 29,974,417,203 or IDR 29.9 billion as of March 2022, while Toni Harmanto's wealth those who graduated from the 1988 Police Academy were only Rp. 1,599,506,999 or Rp.1.59 billion.The above utterance has an implied meaning where the speaker's intent is the Teddy Minahasa case and the reasons given have occurred in the past.In Indonesia, many police officers are involved in narcotics cases.One example is on the website jpnn.comThe latest news on police officers involved in drugs today, where Inspector General Rudy Berang, a police officer who uses methamphetamine with women in boarding houses.The above narrative assumes that Teddy Minahasa is not setting a trap because Teddy Minahasa himself is positive for using narcotics.Where on the cnnindonesia.comwebsite it is written that Teddy Minahasa opened his voice about the results of a urine test which showed that he was positive for drugs.

Structural Presupposition
Structural presuppositions are presuppositions that are stated in a clear structure and are immediately easy to understand without looking at the words used.The sentence structure that has been analyzed as a fixed and conventional presupposition that part of the structure is correct is indicated by the use of the word question in the utterance.
From the data obtained from Buddykuoffcial's Instagram comments, there are 5 data that fall into the type of structural presupposition.

Screenshot Data Transcript
You want to set a trap but methamphetamine is replaced with alum, does it make sense????
Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "You want to set a trap, but methamphetamine is replaced with alum, does it make sense????" (D1/K1/APRA/PS) In the speech above, the presupposition that states "reasonably accepted" as material for conversation is understood by the speaker through the structure of the interrogative sentence asking whether it makes sense.Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "Anyone believe the mouth of the lawyer?"(D2/K1/APRA/PS) In the speech above, the presupposition states "trust" as a matter of conversation which is understood by the speaker through the structure of the interrogative sentence asking whether someone believes in the mouth of the lawyer.

Screenshot Data Transcript
Those who don't believe here gather Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "Those who don't believe in here gather" (D3/K1/APRA/PS) In the speech above, the presupposition states "belief" as a topic of conversation that is understood by speakers through the structure of interrogative sentences asking those who don't believe here gather.

Table 19. Buddykuofficial's Instagram comments Screenshot Data Transcript
Bullshit all that, who believes in the police?
Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "Bullshit all that, who believes in the police?"(D4/K1/APRA/PS) In the speech above, the presupposition states "trust" as a topic of conversation which is understood by the speaker through the interrogative sentence structure asking who believes in the police.

Table 20. Buddykuofficial's Instagram comments Screenshot Data Transcript
What game is this??
Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "What game is this??" (D5/K1/APRA/PS) The utterance above presupposes stating "belief" as material for conversation that is understood by the speaker through the structure of the question sentence asking if there are those who believe, those who don't believe in gathering here, playing games, let alone this.

Counterfactual Presupposition
Counterfactual presuppositions are presuppositions that result in the opposite understanding of statements or are contradictory.
From that dataObtained from the buddykuoffcial Instagram comment, there is only 1 data which is included in the type of counterfactual presupposition.The statement above contains a counterfactual presupposition, that is, if you had not been caught, you would have used it in discotheques/karaoke/cafés.

IV. Conclusion
Based on the results of the data and discussion, it can be seen that there are 5 types of presuppositions that are fulfilled from the 20 data that have been analyzed.There are 4 data belonging to the existential presupposition type, 6 data belonging to the factual presupposition type, 4 data belonging to the lexical presupposition type, 5 data belonging to the structural presupposition type and 1 data belonging to the counterfactual presupposition type.The author did not find data belonging to the non-active presupposition type.
are already lawyers out there who have patients/clients who are clearly wrong, please become attorneys to defend what is right, not what is wrong Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "There are lawyers out there who have patients/clients who are clearly wrong, please become attorneys who defend what is right, not what is wrong" (D4/K1/APRA/PF)

Instagram comments Screenshot Data Transcript What
do you think people are stupid?

Table 21 .
Buddykuofficial's Instagram comments Screenshot Data Transcript turn ketangkep say "I intend to trap"if not caught pst already used spree at discotheque/karaoke/café.DON'T BELIEVE IN THE REASONS OF APPARATUS THAT ARE SICK AND THERE ARE PROBLEMS WITH THE LAW #netizenSUDAHPINTAR Source:https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj434mQvIEw/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= "It was my turn to be caught saying "I intend to trap"if not caught pst already used spree at discotheque/karaoke/café. DON'T BELIEVE IN THE REASONS OF APPARATUS THAT ARE SICK AND THERE ARE PROBLEMS WITH THE LAW #netizenSUDAHPINTAR" (D1/K1/APRA/PK)