Perceptions and Implications of Herdsmen and Farmer's Bloody Clashes on Sustainability and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Investigative Journalism Approach
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examined the perceptions and implications of herdsmen and farmers bloody clashes on sustainability and economic growth in Nigeria; investigative journalism approach. The study employed a cross-sectional survey and qualitative research design in which 1000persons were interviewed to seek their perceptions on the effects of the feud. It was revealed that no party is happy with the irreparable consequences that ensued from the clash. It was shown that the herdsmen were misguided on the grazing routes which the Federal government insists on reviving or re-enacting when such routes or policy cannot be operational due to increasing human population, mechanized/commercial agricultural activities in modern days. The clash was also induced by born to rule ego, religious inclinations and mutual distrust. It does implies that persisting violence is a precursor to hunger/malnutrition, high cost of living, economic recession, civil war and disintegration of a volatile country. The crisis is persisting due to the lackadaisical/double standards attitude of government towards resolving the impasse on time. It has been seen that open grazing cannot continue in modern Nigeria. It has to be stopped for the implementation of ranching programmes. Government should intensify laws against criminality/ cattle rustlers and disarm both farmers-herdsmen of the arms they are parading everywhere. The constitutional role of government is to ensure that the rule of law prevails equally over all citizens in whatever trade, religion/ethnic background. There should be intensive media sensitisation on inter- ethnic and inter-religious tolerance and harmony in the country.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
Ovuokeroye, E. U., UmuzeNkechi Anthonia, & University Ebitare Esther. (2022). Perceptions and Implications of Herdsmen and Farmer’s Bloody Clashes on Sustainability and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Investigative Journalism Approach. Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance, 2(3), 218-230. https://doi.org/10.33258/economit.v2i3.747
Section
Articles
References
Adetula, D. (20160. Understanding the Fulani herdsmen crisis in Nigeria: here is everything you need to know. http://ventureafrica.com/understanding-the-fulani-herdsmen-crisi-nigeria-what-you-need-to-know
Akinkuolie, R. (2018). Herdsmen/farmers clashes: problems and solution. The Guardian, https: //guardian.ng/opinions/herdsmen-farmers-clashes-problem-and-solutions
Alao, D.O., Shaibume, B., Ogunwemimo.E, Alao, E. M & Ogunwemimo, O. (2019). Herdsmen/native farmers violence in Benue State and food security in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 10(6), 1-48; Doi: 10. 3694/mjss-2019-0077
Babagana, M., Madaki, M. J., Ibrahim, G. Y., Adamu, A. A., &Gujja, A. A. (2019). Impact of fulani herdsmen-farmers conflict on food production on Gujba and Tarmuwal local government areas of Yobe State, Nigeria. International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, 10(02); 20316-20331; Doi: https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i02.663
Basil (2015). Case study: conflict in Fadama communities. In managing conflict in community development session 5; community driven development
Beetseh, K. (2018). Herdsmen/ farmers crisis: a threat to democratic government in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 8(11), 100-108.
Dimelu, M.U., Salifu, D. E., Enwelu, A. I., & Igbokwe, E. M. (2017). Challenges of herdsmen-farmers conflict in livestock production in Nigeria: Experience of pastoralists in Kogi State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(8), 642-650
Edih, U. O., Faghawari, N. D., & Okuoyibo, A. (2022). Empirical assessment of underdevelopment in the NigerDelta: implication for security, peace and development in Nigeria. Direct Research Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 10(4), 41-48, Doi: https://doi.org/10.26765/DRESSES 65469979
Edih, U. (2020). Communal participation and good governance in nigeria. International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies, 6(1), 35-56
Edward, G. G. (2022). Effect of farmers-herdsmenconflict on food security in Plateau State. International Journal of Science and Applied Research, 5(1), 52-65
Ekpeyemi, O. (2016). History of Fulanis Herdsmen and farmers clashes in Nigeria. Retrieved from https://infoguidenigeria.com/fulani-herdsmen-farmer-clashes/
Elekebe, E. (2016). Nigeria spends 1 trillion on food imports annually – FG. The Vanguard, August 12; available: https//www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/Nigeria-spends N1 trn-4-food-imports-annually-fg/Nigeria spends N1 trn on 4 food imports annually (18/08/2022).
Eme, O. I., Ugwu, C., & Richard, A. O. (2017). Economic effect of FulaniHerdsmen - farmers clashes in Nigeria. Specialty Journal of Politics and Law, 2(1), 1-11
Enoma, A. D. (2015). Agricultural credit and economic growth in growth in growth: an empirical analysis. Business and Economic Journal, 2 (14),1-10
Falana, F. (2021), Journalism and good governance. Being a keynote address delivered at Cable Colloquium held in Lagos on December 15, 2021.www.thecable.ng
FAO (2017). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division, Rome.
FAO (2015). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division, Rome.
Global Hunger Index (2017). Nigeria 84th on global hunger index, trails Cameroun, Senegal per secondnews; available: https//persecondnews.com/2017/10/global-hunger-index (18/08/2022).
Kalu, C. C. (2019). Herdsmen-farmers clashes in Nigeria and it's effect on food security. Texila International Journal of Academic Research, 1-7, Doi: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.SE.19.02. Art0011
Land Use Act, 1978, No.6
Lawal, T., Olabisi, A., & Oladiran, A. (2018). Herdsmen debacle in Nigeria: the implication on stability and food security. Socialsci Journal, 2; https://purkh.com/index.php/tosocial
National Bureau of Statistics, NBS (2017). Nigeria Gross Domestic Product Report, Q3 2017; available:file://c:/users/alaoda/downloads/GDP_Report_Q3_2017.POF.(18/08/2022).
National Parrot Newspaper, 12 October, 1960
Obasanmi, J. O., & Enoma, A. (2022). The effects of farmer/herder conflict on socioeconomic development of Nigeria. Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(4), 118-125, Doi: 10.36348/sjef. 2022.v06i04.001
Oche, O. G., Omodunbi, O., & Isaac, J. (2021). Herdsmen invasion: a threat to food and state security in Nigeria. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 21(1), 153-165, Doi: https://doi.org/10.26458/2118
Oe, H., & Yamaoka, Y. (2021). Discussion of citizen behavioural change using the nudge effect: A perspective based on social policy interventions. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-08-2021-0210
Oe, H., Yamaoka, Y., & Sato, K. (2022). Information dissemination in the age of globalisation: what are the barriers and how can we help? Analysis of the results of a message-game experiment. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 25(S6), 1-11.
Premium Times (2017). 600 herdsmen killed; two million cattle rustled in two years. April 25, available:https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/229604-600-herdsmen-killed-two-million-cattle-rustled-two-years-miyetti-allah-html. (18/08/2022).
Shettima, A. G., & Tar, U. A. (2008). Farmers-pastoralists conflict in West Africa: exploring the causes and consequences. Information, Society and Justice Journal, 1(2), 163-184
Shola, E. O. (2019). Effect of herdsmen and farmers crisis on food security in Nigeria. International Journal of Law and Politics Studies, 1(1), 15-26
Solomon, B. L. (2021). Impact of the farmers and herdsmen conflict food security: focus on Taraba State
The Constitution (1999). Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as amended.
Ukamaka, D. M., Danjuma, S. E., Mbolle, C. J., Achonam, E. I., & Mbadiwe, I. E. (2017). Livelihood issues in herdsmen-farmers conflict among farming communities in Kogi State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(24), 2105-2115
UNDP, NHDR (2018). Computation of human development indices for UNDP Nigeria human development report for October.
World Food Atlas Data (2017). Nigeria – Food imports as a share of merchandise imports. Knoem available: https://knoema.com/atlas/nigeria/topics/foreign-trade/import/foodimports (18/08/2022).
World Food Programme, WFP (2016). 10 facts about nutrition in Nigeria. available: https://www.wfp.org/stories/10-facts-about-food-and-nutrition-nigeria (18/08/2022).
Yamaoka, Y., & Oe, H. (2021). Examining the Effectiveness of the" Throwing Reach Model" in Disseminating Information. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 25(4), 1-4.
Akinkuolie, R. (2018). Herdsmen/farmers clashes: problems and solution. The Guardian, https: //guardian.ng/opinions/herdsmen-farmers-clashes-problem-and-solutions
Alao, D.O., Shaibume, B., Ogunwemimo.E, Alao, E. M & Ogunwemimo, O. (2019). Herdsmen/native farmers violence in Benue State and food security in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 10(6), 1-48; Doi: 10. 3694/mjss-2019-0077
Babagana, M., Madaki, M. J., Ibrahim, G. Y., Adamu, A. A., &Gujja, A. A. (2019). Impact of fulani herdsmen-farmers conflict on food production on Gujba and Tarmuwal local government areas of Yobe State, Nigeria. International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, 10(02); 20316-20331; Doi: https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i02.663
Basil (2015). Case study: conflict in Fadama communities. In managing conflict in community development session 5; community driven development
Beetseh, K. (2018). Herdsmen/ farmers crisis: a threat to democratic government in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 8(11), 100-108.
Dimelu, M.U., Salifu, D. E., Enwelu, A. I., & Igbokwe, E. M. (2017). Challenges of herdsmen-farmers conflict in livestock production in Nigeria: Experience of pastoralists in Kogi State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(8), 642-650
Edih, U. O., Faghawari, N. D., & Okuoyibo, A. (2022). Empirical assessment of underdevelopment in the NigerDelta: implication for security, peace and development in Nigeria. Direct Research Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies, 10(4), 41-48, Doi: https://doi.org/10.26765/DRESSES 65469979
Edih, U. (2020). Communal participation and good governance in nigeria. International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies, 6(1), 35-56
Edward, G. G. (2022). Effect of farmers-herdsmenconflict on food security in Plateau State. International Journal of Science and Applied Research, 5(1), 52-65
Ekpeyemi, O. (2016). History of Fulanis Herdsmen and farmers clashes in Nigeria. Retrieved from https://infoguidenigeria.com/fulani-herdsmen-farmer-clashes/
Elekebe, E. (2016). Nigeria spends 1 trillion on food imports annually – FG. The Vanguard, August 12; available: https//www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/Nigeria-spends N1 trn-4-food-imports-annually-fg/Nigeria spends N1 trn on 4 food imports annually (18/08/2022).
Eme, O. I., Ugwu, C., & Richard, A. O. (2017). Economic effect of FulaniHerdsmen - farmers clashes in Nigeria. Specialty Journal of Politics and Law, 2(1), 1-11
Enoma, A. D. (2015). Agricultural credit and economic growth in growth in growth: an empirical analysis. Business and Economic Journal, 2 (14),1-10
Falana, F. (2021), Journalism and good governance. Being a keynote address delivered at Cable Colloquium held in Lagos on December 15, 2021.www.thecable.ng
FAO (2017). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division, Rome.
FAO (2015). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division, Rome.
Global Hunger Index (2017). Nigeria 84th on global hunger index, trails Cameroun, Senegal per secondnews; available: https//persecondnews.com/2017/10/global-hunger-index (18/08/2022).
Kalu, C. C. (2019). Herdsmen-farmers clashes in Nigeria and it's effect on food security. Texila International Journal of Academic Research, 1-7, Doi: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.SE.19.02. Art0011
Land Use Act, 1978, No.6
Lawal, T., Olabisi, A., & Oladiran, A. (2018). Herdsmen debacle in Nigeria: the implication on stability and food security. Socialsci Journal, 2; https://purkh.com/index.php/tosocial
National Bureau of Statistics, NBS (2017). Nigeria Gross Domestic Product Report, Q3 2017; available:file://c:/users/alaoda/downloads/GDP_Report_Q3_2017.POF.(18/08/2022).
National Parrot Newspaper, 12 October, 1960
Obasanmi, J. O., & Enoma, A. (2022). The effects of farmer/herder conflict on socioeconomic development of Nigeria. Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(4), 118-125, Doi: 10.36348/sjef. 2022.v06i04.001
Oche, O. G., Omodunbi, O., & Isaac, J. (2021). Herdsmen invasion: a threat to food and state security in Nigeria. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 21(1), 153-165, Doi: https://doi.org/10.26458/2118
Oe, H., & Yamaoka, Y. (2021). Discussion of citizen behavioural change using the nudge effect: A perspective based on social policy interventions. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-08-2021-0210
Oe, H., Yamaoka, Y., & Sato, K. (2022). Information dissemination in the age of globalisation: what are the barriers and how can we help? Analysis of the results of a message-game experiment. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 25(S6), 1-11.
Premium Times (2017). 600 herdsmen killed; two million cattle rustled in two years. April 25, available:https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/229604-600-herdsmen-killed-two-million-cattle-rustled-two-years-miyetti-allah-html. (18/08/2022).
Shettima, A. G., & Tar, U. A. (2008). Farmers-pastoralists conflict in West Africa: exploring the causes and consequences. Information, Society and Justice Journal, 1(2), 163-184
Shola, E. O. (2019). Effect of herdsmen and farmers crisis on food security in Nigeria. International Journal of Law and Politics Studies, 1(1), 15-26
Solomon, B. L. (2021). Impact of the farmers and herdsmen conflict food security: focus on Taraba State
The Constitution (1999). Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as amended.
Ukamaka, D. M., Danjuma, S. E., Mbolle, C. J., Achonam, E. I., & Mbadiwe, I. E. (2017). Livelihood issues in herdsmen-farmers conflict among farming communities in Kogi State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(24), 2105-2115
UNDP, NHDR (2018). Computation of human development indices for UNDP Nigeria human development report for October.
World Food Atlas Data (2017). Nigeria – Food imports as a share of merchandise imports. Knoem available: https://knoema.com/atlas/nigeria/topics/foreign-trade/import/foodimports (18/08/2022).
World Food Programme, WFP (2016). 10 facts about nutrition in Nigeria. available: https://www.wfp.org/stories/10-facts-about-food-and-nutrition-nigeria (18/08/2022).
Yamaoka, Y., & Oe, H. (2021). Examining the Effectiveness of the" Throwing Reach Model" in Disseminating Information. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 25(4), 1-4.