Khairul Jasmi's Women's Novel Violence towards Women That Previously Else: Sara Mills' Model

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I. Introduction
Literature is a person's expression of the results of experiences, thoughts, feelings, andideas which are poured in the form of concrete images that evoke charm by using spoken and written language with different processes between one author and another (Sumardjo andSaini, 1988 in Alfian, 2014:02).Literature as a result of human creation cannot be separated from language which is the main medium in literary works.The element of language is also what makes the difference between literary works, with other works, as well as with everyday language.According to Wellek & Austin (2014: 03), suggests that literature is a creative activity of a work of art.Literature can be read, enjoyed and appreciated.One of the literature that is popular and well known by Indonesian people is the literary work of the novel.
In the literary works of novels alsooccur acts of violence.Violence is a global reality that cannot be denied has occurred throughout the history of human civilization, especially many experienced and felt by women.For centuries, women have experienced acts of violence either through words or physical suffering perpetrated by men, and in some cases have even been committed by their own people (women).Violence against women is an act committed by someone based on gender and power that is usually owned by men or women.Violence against women often occurs in society because women are considered weak creatures in the eyes of men who can be used as gratification (Sari, 2017:42).
Discourse is a language level that has a broader scope, contains a collection of interconnected sentences, a collectionn of propositions and becomes a complex piece of information.Discourse can be in the form of an oral or written context that aims to provide information, knowledge, entertain, invite and influence others (Djajasudarma, 2010:1).This statement intersects with Cavallaro's opinion inSilaswati (2018:1)a discourse is seen as a text containing objects and data that provide openness regarding the different interpretations of each reader.
At present it is clearly seen that gender issues have always been an important topic to discuss, in fact gender differences have an influence on differences in status, roles between men and women, jobs, obligations, which will lead to inequality and injustice to women.The problem of gender inequality is also increasingly difficult to solve and resolve.Violence is often felt by women in various aspects such as politics, economics, social, cultural education, health, the community environment and also the family environment.(Abdullah, 2019:102).In line with opinionsGoddess (2009:230)Women's issues are very diverse, both from issues regarding the private lives of women themselves as well as issues related to the public or within society.
Furthermore, Sara Mills in her model (discourse analysis) focuses on feminist discourse which sees women displayed in texts, novels, pictures, photographs, films or news, (Eriyanto, 2017: 199).Mills does not use a linguistic point of view alone, he is in line with Hodge and Kress' idea that it is not enough to simply analyze language; they state that 'meaning resides so strongly and pervasive in systems of meaning other than verbal language in a variety of visual, aural, behavioral and other codes, that concentrate on words alone is insufficient, no single code can be successfully learned or fully understood ( Mills, 2005: 10).
Critical Discourse Analysis (critical discourse analysis) is a study of the structure of messages in a communicationWardani et al., (2013:188).Discourse analysis has many models proposed by several experts, and each model has different studies.One of them is the theory of discourse analysis according to Mills.Mills in Eriyanto(2001:200-209)there are 2 concepts of analysis, namely, (1) the position of the subject-object, Mills' idea of the position of the subject-object, namely how the position of various social factors, the position of the idea or event is placed in the discourse.It is these positions that will determine who will be the "subject of the story" and who is the "object of the story" which will later determine the structure and meaning of the discourse shown.
The reason why the writer chose Mills' model is because he put forward the theory of discourse analysis whose main concern is about feminist discourse.Feminism discourse shows how the deviation from the text presents a female figure.Women are often presented as weak, unable to do anything, and always in the wrong.Women are seen as objects of male sexuality based on certain body parts they have.These body parts were chosen because they are considered to attract many men and based on the relationship between texts they are always synonymous with women.Referring to the dominance of cases involving women as victims, and the suitability of researchers as research objects, therefore critical discourse analysis from the Sara Mills model is very capable of examining more critically because in her research, Sara Mills focuses more on how women are positioned in an event, so that It can be understood that Sara Mills' theory is more inclined to view from the side of feminism in reporting and direct events.
One of the novels that carries the theme of women is entitled Women Who Preceded the Age by Khairul Jasmi.The novel tells of a woman nicknamed the crowing hen, namely Rangkayo Syekhah Rahmah El Yunusiyyah.The woman who was one of the TKR commanders, the troops that confronted the Dutch.Rahmah also had intelligence troops.Since she was young, she always wore a veil, was arrested, fined and arrested by the Dutch.Against the Japanese colonialists to close all brothels in Minangkabau and release Minang women who were held captive to the Japanese headquarters.Based on these various

Subject-Object Position and Reader Position
Based on these quotes, including the position of the subject-object and the position of the reader.The character who is positioned as the subject (narrator), namely the character Rahmah through the point of view of third-person storytelling (Rahmah) is evidenced by the quote "in the confines of such a social situation Rahmah lives".Rahmah's character tells how the social situation in the Minangkabau area is, that men make it a trend to have many wives and feel cooler and more manly, especially if the man has a position and power.Then, the one who occupies the object position (narrated), namely Rahmah is evidenced by the quote "In the confines of such a social situation Rahmah lives".Reader's Position, Readers are positioned like when Rahmah plays as the subject, Data 3 Rahmah was dreaming about herself.He had met several women who were looking for fleas in the suburbs.They are not working, because it is not yet noon, it is too early in the morning.They are crusader women, only able to have fun and are only delicious to eat if they are sprinkled with palm sugar.They are drinkers of the water, a plant that grows like sugar cane, from the weathered old promises of a Minangkabau man who became her husband.They were looked down upon by men who had leafy leaves, held both traditional ranks and on the side of the colonial government (Jasmi, 2020:41).

Subjects-Object Position and Reader Position
Based on the data above, the quotation includes the position of the subject-object and the position of the reader.The character who is positioned as the subject (the storyteller), namely the character Rahmah through the point of view of third-person storytelling (Rahmah and he) is evidenced by the quote "Rahmah was dreaming about herself.Furthermore, those who occupy the object position (narrated), namely Minangkabau women are evidenced by the quote "They are crusader women, can only be embarrassed and are only delicious to eat if they are given palm sugar" and "They drink the water, a plant similar to sugarcane-from weathered old promises of a Minangkabau man who became her husband".Position of Readers, Readers are positioned as when Rahmah plays the role of the subject, telling in accordance with Rahmah's view of Minangkabau men who commit violence against women.

IV. Conclusion
Based on the researcher's analysis of women's injustice in the novel Women who preceded the ages, seen from the position of the subject-object and the reader in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that the position of the subject or storyteller depicted in the novel Women who preceded the ages are Rahmah, Sa'adah, Upik Hitam, Jamilah, Niara women who were abducted by Japanese soldiers, comfort women and the object position or told are Minangkabau women, the events that occur in the novel are depictions of victims' accounts of acts of violence, injustice, crime, women's resistance in terms of this is a girl.The woman who is the subject tells the events that happened to herself, her family and her group from her point of view.