Sexual Harassment in News Gender Violence in Tempo.co Media and Newsroom Narratives (Sara Mills Critical Discourse Analysis)

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I. Introduction
Feminism is one of the schools of thought in the humanities social sciences that tries to understand why gender injustice occurs in society, what causes it, and what consequences it causes.In simple terms, feminism is a movement or ideology that fights for women's equality with men in the fields of education, work, socio-political access, and others (through Wiyatmi, Liliani &;Sari, 2021: 7).This ideology seeks to fight for equal rights between women and men in all sectors of life.The feminist movement was fueled by stereotypes about male power and domination over women.
Along with the times, women's efforts to equate with men have also developed through various fields.Sarah Gamble gives a general definition of feminism as "the belief that women, purely and simply because they are women, are treated inequitably within a society which is organized to prioritise male viewpoints and concerns".Feminism is an understanding, study, and social movement that aims to change the subordinate status of women in a society that prioritizes male perspectives.Social roles classified by sex also form a patriarchal culture which means that the position of men is higher than women.Along with the times, women's efforts to equalize with men have also developed through various fields.
However, in reality, the phenomenon of violence that occurs positions women as victims.Based on the annual records of Komnas Perempuan in 2022, there are 338,496 cases of gender-based violence (KBG) against women with details, complaints to Komnas Perempuan 3,838 cases, service institutions 7,029 cases, and Badilag 327,629 cases (komnasperempuan.go.id).Based on these data, it must be realized that efforts to free women from the threat of violence need to get support from various parties, especially information media oriented to the publication of information to the public.
Tempo.Co is a web news and online article portal founded by PT Tempo Inti Media, Tbk.Tempo.co was founded in 1996 by Yusril Djailinus, Bambang Bujono, S. Prinka, and Saiful B. Ridwan under the name Tempo interactive.The position of women in the news was analyzed to understand the role of women who tend to be victims in gender-based violence at the university level.Sobari and Faridah (2016) have examined feminist discourse on women's gender roles and relations to how women are displayed in texts related to social values and behavior in the news "Having Children: Indonesian Women's Career Barriers?"written in Republika Newspaper on March 9, 2012.The results showed that the author presented women as the subject of writing because women in the text were positioned to define themselves with careers that were positioned as defined objects.

Sara Mills Model Discourse Analysis
Critical discourse analysis focuses on the power of relationships and ways in which speech and text are produced by methods that have been influenced by linguistics and cultural theory, and they are able to provide more complex models of discourse functions and effects for their users (Mills, 2005).Critical discourse analysis (Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), is not understood simply as the study of language.Critical discourse analysis here does use language in the text to analyze, but the language analyzed here is somewhat different from language studies in the traditional linguistic sense.Language is analyzed not only by describing linguistic aspects, but also by relating it to context.Context here means that language is used for certain purposes and practices, including the practice of power (Eriyanto, 2001).Sara Mills analyzes discourse by focusing on how actors' positions are displayed in text.These positions are classified into subjects and objects of storytelling that will determine how text structure and meaning are treated in the text as a whole.In addition, Mills also focuses on the readers and authors featured in the text.How the reader identifies and places himself in the text.This kind of position will put the reader in one position and influence how the text is to be understood and how this social actor is placed.In the end, the way of storytelling and the positions placed and displayed in this text make one party legitimate and the other party illegitimate (Eriyanto, 2001).
The subject-object concept is concerned with the effort in critiquing how events are presented and the parties involved are positioned in the text.Position here means who are the actors who are made as subjects who define and perform storytelling and who are shown as objects, parties who are defined and described by others.The second concept Mills is concerned with is the position of the reader.For Mills, the text is the result of negotiations between writer and reader.Therefore, readers are not considered merely as parties who only receive the text, but also participate in transactions as will be seen in the text (Eriyanto, 2001).AWK is used to expose abuses of social power, domination, and inequality that are practiced, reproduced, expressed, shaped, legitimized through language (in discourse).In addition, AWK is used to understand ideology and power through systematic investigation of semiotical data both written, oral and visual.AWK bases on the interpretation of analysts or researchers to the text by entering into the text and uncovering the meaning behind it.AWK model.Sara Mills focuses on the phenomenon of short stories that commonly present women, namely that women tend to be presented incorrectly and marginally in text compared to men.The concept of subject-object position indicates that media discourse is not a neutral means, but rather tends to present certain actors as subjects defining certain events or groups.With Sara Mills' AWK model, the reader's position is not only considered as the party receiving the text, but also participating in the transaction of information presented in the text.

III. Research Method
This research takes a qualitative approach with the method of critical discourse analysis model Sara Mills which is based on a feminist perspective.The source of research data is the reporting of gender-based violence against women in Tempo.conews.Data is collected by accessing Tempo.cowebsite and transcribing text.After being transcribed, news texts are observed, observed, and studied which are focused on analyzing the position of subject-object and writer-reader which then produces conclusions about women's representation in reporting gender-based violence against women in the news of Alleged Sexual Harassment Cases at Universitas Brawijaya.
The subject of this study is Tempo.coonline news portal, while the object of research is an online news article related to sexual harassment of women that occurred at Universitas Brawijaya.This study uses data sources consisting of two categories, namely primary data sources and secondary data in this study are online media news Tempo.co.entitled Case of Alleged Sexual Harassment at Universitas Brawijaya.The secondary data sources are obtained from literature in the form of books, documentation, and articles in the mass media, which are related to this paper.Data collection techniques in this study are carried out by observing and recording systematically the phenomena studied.The next technique used is to analyze the news using the Sara Mills approach and other supporting literature that is still related to the theme of this research.

IV. Result and Discussion
News in Tempo.co in the form of news containing information in the form of written text.The style of language used tends to be informal and straightforward.News that Presented a variety of events to investigative news.Tempo.co also actively uploads news about women's affairs ranging from the achievements of female figures to gender-based violence against women.The following is analyzed the subject-object position and writer-reader position in the news of gender-based violence against women in Tempo.coinformation media.

Subject-Object and Writer-Reader Position on News of Sexual Harassment Cases on Universitas Brawijaya Campus.
News about a case of alleged sexual harassment in the Brawijaya campus environment, sexual harassment occurred in 2017.The case of alleged sexual harassment on campus in Malang emerged after news that a student, NW was found dead at his father's grave in Mojokerto, on December 2, 2021.In the title, the victim is NW "positioned as a subject in passive voice so as to produce understanding it is fitting that the victim gets full attention.This case only went viral in the public when the victim was found dead at his father's meal.In the title, the use of the word assignment serves to emphasize the intent, to question why the legal process of the case is true of sexual harassment in the campus environment.Tempo.copoked fun at law enforcement officers.The intent is then detailed through the following text.
The case of alleged sexual harassment on campus in Malang emerged after news that a female student, NW, was found dead at her father's grave in Mojokerto, on December 2, 2022.In January 2022, NW reported a case of sexual harassment she experienced in 2017 to FCS UB functionaries.The perpetrator of the harassment reported by NW is an upperman who is also a student of the English Study Program FCS UB with the initials RW.
Based on this data, it is the result of journalists' construction that focuses on efforts to hold law enforcement officers accountable for sexual violence against victims, NW students of Universitas Brawijaya.The appearance of victims who are positioned as objects defined by "cases of alleged sexual harassment" is intended to provide an understanding to the audience that the case deserves full attention because it involves acts of marginalization and destruction of women.The case was only known to the public after the victim died.Legal proceedings have also just been implemented well after this case went viral in the mass media and many people protested against the slow pace of law enforcement in Indonesia.
Tempo.co highlighted the inaction of law enforcement officials in handling cursive cases that position women as oppressed.By attaching a statement of an activist who is also a woman, it further confirms that the incident is not an ordinary crime.The case needs to be handled seriously and professionally as accountability to the victim and the general public.The news was written by Selvina Suryaningsih with the addition of a netizen statement calling for justice for the victim.The news positions the reader as a party who is expected to support the sentiment to law enforcement officials.

Subject-Object and Writer-Reader Position on News "Harassment on Instagram:
Many Women Sent Perverted and Violent Images" Freedom in cyberspace, especially Instagram, has an effect on the wider opportunities used by irresponsible people to commit acts of gender-based violence.Newsroom narration raises the incident of sending nasty images to women through Instagram DMs that are rife today.The story was headlined "Harassment on Instagram: Many Women Sent Lewd and Violent Images" with the parent phrase "harassment on Instagram" and a caption that positioned "many women" as subjects in passive voice.This further confirms that genderbased violence against women can occur in various situations.The following is presented the first part of the news text.

CCDH (Center for Countering Digital Hate
) analyzed 8,717 direct messages (DMs) of five female celebrities, namely Amber Heard, Rachel Riley, Jamie Klingler, Bryony Gordon, and Sharon Dhaliwal.As a result, 1 in 15 DMs contained threats of violence, misogynistic messages, and harassment in the form of images.In February 2021, Instagram made an update to banish DMs identified as offensive messages into a separate folder (CCDH, Hidden Hate, 2022).But, according to researchers, Instagram has another problem: they failed to delete 89.5% of the perpetrator's accounts (Youtube/Videezy).A month after researchers reported 253 problematic accounts to Instagram, 227 accounts remained active (CCDH, Hidden Hate, 2022).
The news text begins with the presentation of constructed data with sentences that position women as objects analyzed, namely five female celebrities.The text reveals that the incidence of gender-based violence against women on Instagram is indeed alarming.The positioning of women as defined objects is associated with ineffective countermeasures.Criticism then focused on Instagram's DM system which was detailed as follows.
Researchers also identified systematic problems in the functioning of Instagram DMs.For example, not being able to report voice messages and messages with vanish mode and difficulty downloading evidence.The missing model features that allow you to send DMs that will automatically disappear if the recipient of the message opens, reads, and exits the chat (Youtube/WhatsApp Status).Harassment on Instagram has had a huge impact on many users.After becoming a victim, 19% of women reduce their use of social media platforms (Planinternational.org,2020).While 12%, change the way they express themselves and feel Instagram is no longer safe (Planinternational.org,2020).The news text presented is intended to reveal the harassment events that occurred on Instagram and the countermeasures that Instagram provides.Because the countermeasures are not very effective, it has an impact on decreasing the use of Instagram by women.Through the text, it is revealed that the existence of women does tend to be threatened in various circumstances.The concrete reasons for women reducing their use of social media and changing the way they express themselves are complemented by the opinion of CCDH Chief Executive Imran Ahmed as follows.
"For women, the risk of entry to social media is harassment and misogynistic threats sent by perpetrators with impunity.There is an epidemic of misogynistic harassment going on in the DMs of many women.Meta and Instagram must put women's rights ahead of profits," said Imran Ahmed, Chief Executive of CCDH quoted from Counterhaid.com (2022).
Readers are exposed to the reality that harassment and misogynistic threats are rife because perpetrators have impunity, so an effective step is action from Meta and Instagram to create a women-friendly cyberspace.The text of the news was written by Anisya Azni which is intended to make the audience aware that harassment on Instagram is rife because perpetrators have impunity and ineffectiveness of actions on the part of Meta and Instagram.This positions readers as parties must be aware of acts of harassment that have the potential to occur through Instagram DMs.

V. Conclusion
Language construction in reporting gender-based violence against women in information media Newsroom narratives are used to produce meaning about women in the concept of representation.The representation of women in the three reports presented shows that women are indeed the aggrieved party in the majority of sexual violence cases.Journalists tend to uncover perpetrators, law enforcement processes, and solutions used to handle such cases.The news text shows the position of the subject and related objects of the actor and the position of the reader in the text.The representation of women who are affirmed as marginalized, oppressed, and undermined results in language constructions that focus on exposing perpetrators, law enforcement processes, and efforts to prevent sexual violence against women.