Development of Podcast Spotify-Based Learning Media in Hörverstehen Course Level A2

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I. Introduction
The European Curriculum Framework or GER (Germanistische Europäische Rahmen) German language proficiency levels are divided into several groups, namely A1-A2 -B1 -B2 -C1 -C2. Hörvestehen courses are equivalent to A2 level. The Höverstehen Level A2 course is a course that trains listening skills.
Learning German is taught in four skills based on the Goethe Institute standard A2 exam test module, namely reading skills, writing skills, listening skills and speaking skills. Among the four skills, listening is the most important skill, because through listening German skills, the level of mastery of the entire skill can be known as a whole. So it can be concluded that listening is an important aspect in language learning.
The use of media should be a part that must get the attention of the teacher or facilitator in every learning activity. Therefore, teachers or facilitators need to learn how to determine learning media in order to effectively achieve learning objectives in the teaching and learning process, especially in learning German.
In learning German, teachers are required to be creative or able to create diverse learning in delivering the material, so that the learning objectives or material can be well received by students. Because, most students still think that German is difficult, especially in speaking. This is also because the media used by the teacher has not varied, so that students' motivation to learn is reduced and resulting in less than optimal listening learning outcomes for German students.
Podcast Spotify is a music streaming application (Audio) which is original recordings of audio, video, radio, lectures and other programs that can be listened to anywhere. So that it can have very important potential in improving students' listening abilities, besides that, the benefits of Spotify Podcasts are in accordance with the developments of the 21st Century, namely all the equipment used by humans to be online and can be accessed anywhere.
Mayangsari (2019) conducted research on Podcasts as a learning medium in the millennial era, from the results of the research it was found that Podcasts can improve student learning outcomes.
The tendency of students today is to prefer digital learning media such as in the form of video and audio. Therefore, the presence of this Spotify Podcast-based learning media provides a solution to the problems of students who tend to be more or less in listening ability (Hörverstehen) Level A2.
In accordance with these conditions, the development of learning media was carried out in an effort to improve the listening ability of German language students, namely " Development Of Podcast Spotify-Based Learning Media In Hörverstehen Course Level A2", it is hoped that the development of learning media based on the Spotify Podcast can help lecturers in overcoming problems in teaching listening (Hörverstehen), especially in the Hörverstehen Level A2 course, so that lecturers no longer teach conventionally, but already use interactive learning media. And can understand Hörverstehen level A2 learning materials and can improve students' German listening skills quickly and easily.

The Nature of Learning Media
The word media comes from Latin which is the plural form of "medium", which literally means intermediary or introduction. The National Education Association (NEA) defines media as all objects that can be manipulated, seen, heard or talked about along with the instruments used for these activities. (Nurfadillah, 2021:7).
According to (Hamid, 2020: 3) Media in the learning process is an intermediary or introduction to the source of the message with the recipient of the message, stimulating thoughts, feelings, attention and willingness so that they are encouraged to be involved in learning.
Media can be interpreted as an intermediary or delivery of messages from the sender to the recipient of the message. (Jalinus, 2016:2) From some of the descriptions above, it can be concluded that the media is an intermediary introductory learning that can convey messages in learning so that it can stimulate the mind to support the quality of the teaching and learning process so that it can achieve learning objectives.

Types of Learning Media
According to Arief S. Sadiman (2008:28), learning media are grouped into three types, including: 1. Audio media are media related to the sense of hearing (radio, language laboratory disks, magnetic tape-recording devices). 2. Graphic media are media related to visual media (images, sketches, diagrams, posters, maps, globes, and graphics). 3. Silent projection media are visual media that project messages (frame films, serial films, transparent media, television, film).
In addition, according to Djamarah (2002: 140) suggests that what is meant by learning media is related to the following 3 things: 1. Auditive media are media that only rely on sound (radio, recorder, and cassette).
2. Visual media are media that only rely on the sense of sight (films, photos, and paintings). 3. Audio-visual media is media that only uses sound and image elements.

The Nature of Listening Teaching (Hörverstehen)
Listening according to Floyd (2012: 216) is an active process in giving meaning to the message someone is talking about. Listening does not work automatically, but is a process that includes selective attention and meaning.
The listening process requires high concentration and attention to the message conveyed, because not only receiving the message but also having to understand the content of the message conveyed by the other person. So listening is not as easy as one might think.
The stages of Listening Skills are as follows: 1. Hearing Hearing is a physiological process of receiving stimuli. We cannot do listening without the hearing process first, but we may do hearing without actually listening to what someone has to say.

Understanding
At this stage, we try to understand and understand what is conveyed by other people, both thoughts and intonation of delivering messages that represent emotions.

Remembering
In addition to listening, humans also need memory, to remember the message that has been conveyed. The message needs to be remembered so that we are not mistaken or confused.

Interpreting
This process consists of two parts: first, paying attention to all verbal and non-verbal behavior of the person speaking so that we can determine the meaning of the message said by the person. Second, it gives a signal how to interpret the message from that person.

Evaluating
Evaluation means conclusion. Often evaluation occurs unconsciously or occurs naturally in the form of criticism or analysis. Evaluation is an attempt to equate the message with the reality and facts that occur.
From the description above, it can be concluded that the ability to listen is the main skill that must be mastered in language learning and must understand the stages in the process of listening skills.

The Nature of Podcast Spotify
Podcasts are audio or video files uploaded on the web so that they can be accessed by individuals whether subscribed or not and can be listened to or watched using a computer or portable digital media player (Brown, A., & Green, T.D, 2007).
The potential that makes podcasting superior is that it can be accessed automatically, easy because the control is in the hands of the consumer, can be carried everywhere, and is always available (Geoghegan & Klass, 2007).
According to Stanley Alten (2013) in his book Audio in Media), sound has a visual component that creates an image in the listener's mind or theater of mind. In podcasting, users are enabled to create a more private and personal listening experience than listening to radio, where podcasters are seen not as institutionalized communicators, but as friends (Menduni, 2007).
So it can be concluded that the Spotify Podcast is very good to use for the development of learning media in the Höverstehen Level A2 course, because it can be accessed anywhere.

a. Strength
Spotify Podcast has some advantages for lecturers and students. The advantage for lecturers is that it can be useful and interactive as the teaching media for any student learning style. Another advantage of Spotify Podcast is prioritizing user convenience in using the application rather than creating an attractive appearance. It is proven that the display with a black background and white text is very comfortable for users to see.

Simple Display
When opening the application, it does not take long to load because of the simple display that makes it very light. If you have a smartphone with low-end specifications, feel free to install Spotify.

Plenty of Songs
It cannot be denied that the Spotify music player application already provides many songs. The number of songs that can be listened to has reached more than 30 million and will continue to grow. From old-school songs to trending songs now available on the Spotify music player application, you no longer need to be confused looking for songs because they can be found and listened to by using Spotify.

Updated Song
If a singer or band releases a new song, it does not take long to listen to it on the Spotify music player application. It only needs to wait a few days or even a few hours after the song are automatically released on the Spotify application. For those who want to be up-todate with the latest Indonesian and western songs.

Various Playlist
For those who like to be confused about choosing songs to listen to, do not worry. The Spotify application has lots of playlists that we can listen to. We can also follow or follow playlists on Spotify, so we do not have to look for them again whenever people want to hear them. Apart from that, there is also a chart in which songs are heard the most and are currently viral in Indonesia and the world. Even on the Spotify application, we can also see songs that are currently hits and viral from various countries, such as Japan, Belgium, Vietnam, and many others.

Lots of Podcast Content
Spotify is not just an application used to listen to music but also podcasts that users can listen to. There are many choices of podcasts, from sad ones, comedy, and zodiac to motivational podcasts, available on Spotify. So, when we are tired of listening to songs, we can listen to various podcasts on the Spotify application. People will enjoy using this application; it can be hours a day.

b. Weakness
Besides its strengths, Digital Spotify Podcast has a weakness: it has no timer to stop using applications.

This study is developmental Research (Research and Development), namely the Development of Learning Media Based Spotify Podcast on Hörverstehen Level A2 Course in
German Education Study Program FBS Unimed. The developmental research method is a research method used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products, according to Sugiyono (2015: 297). Developmental Research is a research method that is powerful enough to improve learning practices, intending to develop new products or improve existing products so that they can be accounted for (Dallion, 2020:31).
In line with the theory above, this Research will develop Spotify Podcast-Based Learning Media in the Hörverstehen Level A2 Course in German Language Education Study Program, FBS UNIMED. Spotify Podcast-based learning media for Hörverstehen Level A2 courses is a new medium that can increase student interest.
This study uses the ADDIE development model because it is structured, effective but simple. The ADDIE development model only consists of 5 stages of development. Five stages of ADDIE model development analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation (Sugiyono, 2015:200). The steps for developing the ADDIE model can be seen in Figure 3.1 below.

IV. Discussion
The implementation of this Research was carried out in the German Language Education Study Program. At the same time, the method used was Research (Research and Development), namely the Development of Spotify Podcast-Based Learning Media in the Hörverstehen Level A2 Course. This study used the ADDIE development model because it is structured and effective but simple. The ADDIE development model only consists of 5 stages of development. The five stages of ADDIE model development include (analysis), design (design), development (development), implementation (implementation), and evaluation (evaluation) (Sugiyono, 2015:200). The themes in the development of Spotify Podcast-Based Learning Media are divided into 6 (six) themes, namely Leben und Lernen in Europa, Freizeit und Hobbys, Medien im Altag, Vom Land in die Stadt, Kultur erleben and Arbeitswelten.
The product of the Research on the Development of Spotify Podcast-Based Learning Media in the Hörverstehen Level A2 Course is in the form of German Language Learning Media in the form of Digital Audio which can be used as a learning medium in the Hörverstehen Level A2 course. The following presents the stages of developing Spotify Podcast-Based Learning Media in the Hörverstehen Level A2 course that was implemented.

Analysis (Data Collection) a. Field Survey
The initial stage in this Research is collecting data. The data collected serves to determine what media designs will be developed, as well as what themes will be used in the development of Learning Media that will be created and content creation techniques. In this study, it is necessary to analyze the needs by analyzing the needs of students and direct surveys to students in the German Language Education Study Program.
Based on the results of the survey, it is shown that the need for learning media for the Hörverstehen Level A2 course is because in the Studio Book [Express] A2, there is no Audio as a companion for the Book, and there is still a lack of student listening ability (in the course).

b. Literature Survey
The Literature survey analyzes what media will be made and what materials will be used. At this stage, audio learning will be used for analysis by students. The A2 level material was chosen because it facilitates learning that students can use to train their hearing in the Hörverstehen Level A2 course.

Planning (Design)
After completing the material concept, the next step is to design learning media. At this stage, the learning media format has been prepared. The structure of the Spotify Podcast-Based Learning Media in the Hörverstehen Level A2 Course, which was developed in this study, is as follows.

a. First Stage
In the early stages, the material used for learning media was selected. In contrast, the material selected in the [Express] A2 studio book was divided into six themes: Leben und Lernen in Europa, Freizeit und Hobbys, Medien im Altag, Vom Land in die Stadt, Kultur erleben and Arbeitswelten.

b. Second Stage
At this stage, typing material for all themes will be made into audio, namely tema Leben und Lernen in Europa, Freizeit und Hobbys, Medien im Altag, Vom Land in die Stadt, Kultur erleben and Arbeitswelten which is in Studio Books [Express] A2.

1) Third Stage
In this case, selecting people as dubbers and then recording voices with the theme Leben und Lernen in Europa, Freizeit und Hobbys, Medien im Altag, Vom Land in die Stadt, Kultur erleben dan Arbeitswelten which is in Studio Books [Express] A2, after the recording is done.

2) Fourth Stage
The fourth stage is registering or creating a Spotify and Anchor Podcast account so that audio can be uploaded to the system and listened to anywhere.

3) Fifth Stage
At this stage, audio is carried out to the system so it can be used. After the plotting process, trials and validation were carried out by media experts to find out the shortcomings of the learning media that were made and make improvements so that the learning media made were good.
The product of the Research on the Development of Learning Media Based on Spotify Podcasts in the Hörverstehen Level A2 Course is in the form of German Language Learning Media in the form of Digital Audio which can be used as learning media in the Sprechen B1 course. The following is the stage of the development of Spotify Podcast-Based Learning Media in the Höverstehen Level A2 Course which was carried out. The steps of the development include analysis (Data Collection) and Planning (Design). Then the development of learning media based on the Spotify Podcast in the Höverstehen Level A2 course was formed. Next was the Development or development stage. At this stage, sound or audio recording was carried out with the themes Leben und Lernen in Europa, Freizeit und Hobbys, Medien im Altag, Vom Land in die Stadt, Kultur erleben and Arbeitswelten in the Studio Book [Express] A2. The learning media that has been developed are then validated by experts to determine the feasibility of their use.
The validation stage will be carried out by learning media and material experts. Validation aims to find out the opinions of learning design experts about the accuracy of the design, aspects of learning and the truth of content, media and learning designs. Learning design experts validate products on aspects of learning design including content feasibility aspects consisting of learning design quality, presentation aspects consisting of information design quality and interaction quality, and graphic aspects consisting of presentation quality and presentation design quality. After being validated by experts, it will be revised (if needed) and then ready to be tested. The following are the results of the development of the media. The learning media according to the theme are as follows: After the development as above was carried out, then Media and Expert Validation were carried out, from the results of media validation and expert validation on the development of Spotify Podcast-based learning media in the Hörverstehen Level A2 course, it was found that the media was suitable to be used and applied in classroom learning.

V. Conclusion
Conclusions from the development of Spotify Podcast-based learning media in the Höverstehen Level A2 course "is Audio from the development of the Spotify Podcast-based Learning Media in the Hörverstehen Level A2 course containing Level A2 German language learning with the theme Leben und Lernen in Europa, Freizeit und Hobbys, Medien im Altag, Vom Land in die Stadt, Kultur erleben and Arbeitswelten in the studio Book [Express] A2. Then the Spotify Podcast-based learning media in the Höverstehen Level A2 course that has