Critical Discourse Analysis of Teun A. Van Dijk's Model on Detik.Com and Kompas.Com News Texts About Citayam Fashion Week

: This research discusses critical discourse analysis in Citayam fashion week news in the mass media. The critical discourse analysis used is Teun A. van Dijk's critical discourse analysis seen from the text structure, which consists of 3 structures: macro structure, superstructure and micro structure. Data collection uses listening and note-taking techniques, presenting data using formal and informal methods. This research uses news sources from detik.com and kompas.com. The research results show that Citayam fashion week news on detik.com and kompas.com is seen from a macro structure consisting of thematic and subtopics. Superstructure consisting of title, lead and story. Macro structure consisting of semantics (setting, details, intent and presuppositions), syntax (sentence form: active and passive sentences), coherence: (detik.com "and, that, even so" and Kompas.com "however, because, but"), pronouns: (detik.com and kompas.com use "we, they and he/she"), stylistics (lexicon), rhetorical (graphics: using photos that support the news. Next is rhetorical in detik.com signs quotations and use of bold letters).


I. Introduction
Citayam Fashion Week (hereinafter referred to as CFW) is a street fashion trend carried out by teenagers from Citayam, Bogor and Depok in the Sudirman area, an elite office area in Jakarta.This trend only spread some time ago.The presence of CFW activities was initially considered positive because its creativity now has many pros and cons.As quoted from Kompas.com.July 18 2022, the CFW phenomenon contains positive values.One of the impacts is increasing the sales turnover of business actors around the location.This was acknowledged directly by the Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy (Menparekraf).However, the CFW phenomenon also reaps negative responses from different perspectives.Just mention the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta, Irwandi.He stated that he did not agree with the existence of CFW.Quoting from Kompas.com, he prohibited clothing activities on the streets because they could disturb road users.A similar statement was also made by the DKI Jakarta Environmental Service, Asep Kuswanto, regarding ABGs who are members of the CFW phenomenon, who are often seen as not caring about the environment.In fact, some of them still need to pay more attention to cleanliness and throw rubbish carelessly.
After CFW went viral on social media networks, the mass media also had a big influence on CFW's virality, news about CFW also became trending on various social media.One of the roles of mass media is as a bridge of information that acts as a spokesperson or aspiration to the community.Based on this role, mass media or news will present factual information consistently with various information to the general public (Fachruddin, 2012).Eriyanto (2011:36) explains that the media helps dominant groups spread their ideas, control other groups, and form a consensus among community members.Through the media, dominant ideologies of good and bad are exposed.Media is not just a free channel, it is also a subject that constructs reality, complete with its views and biases.Therefore, news in the mass media is the result of discourse battles between various forces in society which always involve the views and ideologies of journalists or media.Whether a reality can be made into news really depends on how the battle takes place, which is generally won by the dominant power in society.
Eriyanto (2001: 227) explains that the elements of discourse analysis in text structure explained by Teun A. Van Dijk are divided into three structures or levels.First, macro structure is the general meaning of a text that can be observed by looking at the topics or themes in a news story.Second, superstructure can be understood as a discourse structure related to a text's framework, such as introduction, content, closing and conclusion.Third, microstructure can be interpreted as a text's basic meaning, which can be observed from the words, sentences and style used by a text.With this structure we not only know what is in the media, but also how the media expresses events in certain language choices.In the framework of critical discourse analysis, the discourse structure is composed of three streams that form a unity.If described, the structure of the text/discourse is as follows: Van Dijk understands the media's use of certain words, sentences, propositions, or rhetoric as part of a journalist's strategy.The use of certain words, sentences, certain styles is not only seen as a way of communicating, but is also seen as political communication or a way to influence public opinion, create support, or get rid of opponents.Discourse structure effectively shows the rhetoric and persuasion processes carried out when someone conveys a message.Certain words may emphasize choices and attitudes, form political awareness, and the like.The following are elements of van Dijk's discourse.In van Dijk's view, any text can be analyzed using these elements.Even though it consists of various elements, all described elements are unity, interconnected and supporting each other.
Previous research regarding critical discourse analysis using the Van Dijk model has been widely carried out.Among them is research conducted by Saadilah et al (2020) using the Van Dijk model in the short story "Tukang Dongeng" by Ken Hanggara.Furthermore, Wirahyuni et al (2020) in their article discussed Kompas reporting with the title "Behind the Wiranto Stabbing Case and the Arrest of a Number of Terrorist Suspects" using the Van Dijk model.Saputri et al (2021) in their article analyze the lyrics of the song "Money Politics" by Iwan Fals.This research analyzes in terms of text structure, social cognition and social analysis.Furthermore, Wargan-angin (2021) discusses hate speech using Van Dijk's theory entitled "Analysis of Structure Van Dijk Social Critical Discussion Contains Hate Speech on The Speech Text of The Chief of The Women's Political Party" only focusing on macro structure and superstructure.Humaira (2018) also discusses it in her article with the title "Critical Discourse Analysis (Awk) of the Teun A. Van Dijk Model in the Reporting of the Republika Newspaper".Furthermore, Sudding (2020) in his thesis entitled "Critical Discourse Analysis of Two Social Network Media Regarding the Relocation of the Capital City"

II. Research Methods
This research uses a content analysis method with a qualitative approach.This method is used to classify and analyze text content based on certain criteria (Bungin, 2017).The data collection techniques used is documentation techniques and listening and note-taking techniques.The documentation method searches for data in notes, transcripts, agendas, magazines, and others (Arikunto, 2013: 265).Therefore, this research takes sources from detik.com and Kompas news which have been published with the title detik.com" ABG 'SCBD' Catwalk at Zebra Cross, Central Jakarta City Government: Don't Make It a Jam!", and from Kompas.com with the title "Citayam Fashion Week Uses Zebra Cross as a Catwalk, City Government Reminds Not to Disturb and Make It a Jam".

Paragraph 5, sentences 1, and 2
"Irwandi also confirmed that his party would carry out control together with local authorities."Especiallytowards teenagers who hang out after 22.00 WIB." Based on the analysis of the discourse structure of detik.com'snews entitled "ABG 'SCBD' Catwalk at Zebra Cross, Central Jakarta City Government: Don't Create Traffic Jams!" above can be analyzed as follows.On the news topic, it was stated that there was an appeal from the Central Jakarta City Council regarding the use of zebra crossings for catwalks.This is explained in paragraphs 1 and 2, which read "Jakarta -The phenomenon of 'Citayam Fashion Week' by a number of teenagers known as 'SCBD' is increasingly known for its catwalk on the Dukuh Atas zebra crossing.The Central Jakarta City Government (Pemkot Jakpus) has warned that the catwalk event should not cause traffic jams.

"We urge you not to create traffic jams, don't use zebra crossings for fashion catwalks," said Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta Irwandi to reporters, Tuesday (19/7/2022).
In paragraphs 1 and 2 it is explained that the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta invited teenagers who use the zebra crossing not to do the catwalk there, because it could cause traffic jams.This can be seen in the word "urge" used by the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta, as well as the use of the word "mewanti-wanti" used by journalists which has the meaning of "giving a message that is conveyed seriously so that it is carried out by those ordered" so that it can It was concluded that the appeal made by the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta should not be ignored.Based on the analysis of the structure of the kompas.comnews discourse entitled "Citayam Fashion Week Uses Zebra Cross as a Catwalk, City Government Reminds Not to Disturb and Cause Traffic Jams" above can be analyzed as follows.In the news topic, it was stated that there was a warning about the use of zebra crossings for catwalks.This is explained in paragraphs 3, 4 and paragraph 5, which reads "Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta, Irwandi, warned that the event called "Citayam Fashion Week" should not disturb pedestrians and cause traffic jams.

Irwandi emphasized that the DKI Provincial Government is building public facilities in Dukuh Atas for all residents.
This facility is not exclusive only to young people there who are known as SCBD children (Sudirman, Citayam, Bojong Gede and Depok)." In paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 it is explained that the journalist presented the topic of the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta making a ban on using zebra crossings for catwalks.This can be seen in the words "remind" written by the journalist has the meaning of "reprimand", and it is very clear that in paragraphs 4 and 5 the sentences used by the journalist clarify the prohibition conveyed, so it can be concluded that the prohibition imposed by the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta should not be violated.

Semantics Background
The background shown by journalists was a response from the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta regarding the use of zebra crossings.This can be seen in paragraph 1 as follows.
"The phenomenon of 'Citayam Fashion Week' by a number of teenagers known as 'SCBD' is increasingly known by the catwalk on the Dukuh Atas zebra crossing.The Central Jakarta City Government (Pemkot Jakpus) has warned that the catwalk event should not cause traffic jams."

Details
The detailed elements in the text of detik.com'sdiscourse text refer to the prohibition conveyed by the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta, Irwandi.This can be seen in paragraphs 5 and 6 below.
Irwandi also confirmed that his party would carry out control along with local authorities.Especially for teenagers who hang out after 22.00 WIB."We will control Satpol PP and according to the National Police the time limit for them to gather is 22.00 WIB," he added.

Meaning
Detik.com as a media clearly conveys the content of its news regarding the warning given by the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta explicitly or clearly by explaining several appeals that must be obeyed.This can be seen in paragraphs 2, 4, and 5 as follows.
Paragraph 2 "We urge you not to create traffic jams, don't use zebra crossings for fashion catwalks," said Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta Irwandi to reporters, Tuesday (19/7/2022).Paragraph 4 "For pedestrians crossing roads and sidewalks, don't crowd, don't crowd, COVID is on the rise and maintain health protocols, wear a mask," he stressed.Paragraph 5 Irwandi also confirmed that his party would carry out control along with local authorities.Especially for teenagers who hang out after 22.00 WIB.

Presupposi tion
The element of pre-assumption in this data can be seen by journalists displaying presumptions from statements from the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta.This can be seen in paragraph 3 as follows.
Irwandi also asked visitors not to crowd on sidewalks or road crossings.He reminded that currently COVID-19 cases in Jakarta are soaring.

Syntax Sentence Form
The sentence forms used by journalists mostly use active sentences rather than passive sentences.Active voice 1.The Central Jakarta City Government (Pemkot Jakpus) has warned that the catwalk event should not cause traffic jams.2. Irwandi also asked visitors not to crowd on sidewalks or road crossings.3.He reminded that currently COVID-19 cases in Jakarta are soaring.4. Irwandi also confirmed that his party would carry out control along with local authorities.Passive sentences 1.The phenomenon of 'Citayam Fashion Week' by a number of teenagers known as 'SCBD' is increasingly known for its catwalk on the Dukuh Atas zebra crossing.

Coherence
Paragraph 4 "For pedestrians crossing roads and sidewalks, don't crowd, don't crowd, COVID is on the rise and maintain health protocols, wear a mask," he stressed.
In this data it can be seen that the coherence in this data is "and" which shows that two sentences describing different facts can be connected so that they look coherent.

Pronouns
The pronouns found on detik.comare the pronouns "we, he, they" The pronoun "we" refers to the Deputy Mayor and his staff, this can be seen in the following data.
Paragraph 2 "We urge you not to create traffic jams, don't use zebra crossings for fashion catwalks," said Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta Irwandi to reporters, Tuesday (19/7/2022).
The pronoun "he" refers to the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta Irwandi, this can be seen in the following data.Paragraph 3 Irwandi also asked visitors not to crowd on sidewalks or road crossings.He reminded that currently COVID-19 cases in Jakarta are soaring.
The pronoun "they" refers to the children of Citayam-Bojong cs, this can be seen in the following data.
Paragraph 7 The excitement of the Citayam-Bojong CS children became increasingly dominant after the appearance of their local celebrities, such as Jeje, Roy, Bonge and Kurma.Now Citayam Fashion Week is buzzing in the Dukuh Atas area, Central Jakarta.

Stylistics Lexicon
Paragraph 3 sentence 2 He reminded that currently COVID-19 cases in Jakarta are soaring.
(homonym meaning: soaring.The word "soaring" is a homonym, that is, the writing and sound are the same but the meaning is different.Soaring is meant here, namely rising (rising) suddenly)

Rhetorical Graphic
1. detikNews is written in orange ink 2. News headlines are written in blue ink, bold and larger than the content of the news.

Using an image/photo showing the Deputy Mayor of Central
Jakarta, Irwandi 4. The word: SCBD is written in blue ink 5.The word: Jakarta is in bold 6.The use of brackets is in paragraph 1, sentence 2: The Central Jakarta City Government (Pemkot Jakpus) warns that the catwalk event should not cause traffic jams.7. Use of quotation marks.The use of quotation marks in the news amounts to 2 pieces of data.The use of quotation marks in the news is as follows.
Paragraph 2 "We urge you not to create traffic jams, don't use zebra crossings for fashion catwalks," said Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta Irwandi to reporters, Tuesday (19/7/2022).
Paragraph 4 "For pedestrians crossing roads and sidewalks, don't crowd, don't crowd, COVID is on the rise and maintain health protocols, wear a mask," he stressed.

Metaphor
The excitement of the Citayam-Bojong CS children became increasingly dominant after the appearance of their local celebrities, such as Jeje, Roy, Bonge and Kurma.Now Citayam Fashion Week is buzzing in the Dukuh Atas area, Central Jakarta.
In this paragraph there is a metaphorical language style, namely conveying something implicitly so that readers sometimes misinterpret it because there is a deviation in meaning.This can be seen in the underlined words.
b. Semantic Microstructure Kompas.comMicrostructural Elements News Quotes

Background
The setting shown by journalists was the response of the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta regarding the use of zebra crossings for catwalks.In this data, journalists show that the city government gave warnings to teenagers who took part in CFW activities so as not to cause traffic jams and disturb road users.The background to this data can be seen in paragraph 3 as follows.
Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta, Irwandi, warned that the event called "Citayam Fashion Week" should not disturb pedestrians and cause traffic jams.

Details
Details show the latest activities in the Dukuh Atas area, this is in paragraph 2 of this data which can be seen as follows.
Most recently, the young people did not just compete in fashion with flashy looks, but even held a fashion show contest by waddling on the zebra crossing.

Meaning
Kompas.com was seen conveying the contents of its news regarding the use of zebra crossings for catwalks explicitly.
The element of intent in this data can be seen in the statement made by journalists from the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta in paragraph 6.This can be seen in the data below."It's used by other people, not just Citayam children.That's its function as social and public facilities, there are other users, it's not just them who use it.Moreover, it (has the potential) to cause traffic jams," said Irwandi as quoted by Tribun Jakarta, Tuesday (19 /7/2022).

Presupposition
The element of presumption in this data refers to paragraph 7. The journalist expressed an expression which was the result of a presumption from the statement of the Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta.paragraph 7 Irwandi stated that the Central Jakarta City Government would not facilitate the fashion show, but would not prohibit it as long as it was carried out in an orderly manner.

Syntax Sentence Form
The sentence forms used by journalists mostly use active sentences rather than passive sentences.Active voice 1.The Central Jakarta City Government continues to monitor the phenomenon of large numbers of newlyaged children (ABG) from the outskirts of Jakarta gathering in the Dukuh Atas area.2. Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta, Irwandi, warned that the event called "Citayam Fashion Week" should not disturb pedestrians and cause traffic jams.

Irwandi emphasized that the DKI Provincial
Government is building public facilities in Dukuh Atas for all residents 4. Irwandi stated that the Central Jakarta City Government would not facilitate the fashion show, but would not prohibit it as long as it was carried out in an orderly manner.5. Irwandi confirmed that his party would continue to send officers to Dukuh Atas to remind young people there to continue to maintain order and cleanliness.6. Irwandi added that he welcomed anyone to come and visit the Dukuh Atas area.7.He emphasized that as a metropolitan city, Jakarta is open to anyone who wants to visit.8.However, Irwandi emphasized that it is important for everyone to always maintain cleanliness and order at the location.
Passive sentences 1. Irwandi stated that the Central Jakarta City Government would not facilitate the fashion show, but would not prohibit it as long as it was carried out in an orderly manner.2. In fact, teenagers who are caught throwing rubbish carelessly are also subject to street sweeping sanctions

Coherence
Coherence in this element is used to find out how someone uses discourse to explain facts or events, whether these facts are interconnected or even cause cause and effect.The coherence on Kompas.comcan be seen in paragraph 7 as follows.
Irwandi stated that the Central Jakarta City Government would not facilitate the fashion show, but would not prohibit it as long as it was carried out in an orderly manner.
In this data it can be seen that the coherence in this data is "but" which shows that two sentences describing different facts can be connected so that they look coherent.

Pronouns
Pronounsused in this data are the pronouns "we, he, they" The pronoun "we" refers to the Deputy Mayor and his staff, this can be seen in the following data.In this paragraph there is a metaphorical language style, namely conveying something implicitly so that readers sometimes misinterpret it because there is a deviation in meaning.This can be seen in the underlined words.

IV. Conclusion
Based on the research results through discourse analysis of Teun A Van Dijk's news text dimensions, several things can be concluded as follows.First, a discussion of the thematic macro structure (topics discussed in the text), namely discussing the use of zebra crossings for catwalks.The two superstructures explain the coherence and schematicity of the text.Third, discussion of the micro structure of which several elements have been found, namely background, details, intent, presuppositions, sentence form (passive and active sentences), coherence (coherence in detik.comfound "and" coherence), and for Kompas.comcoherence was found coherence "however"), pronouns (pronouns detik.comand kompas.comuse "us, they and he/she"), lexicon, graphics, and metaphors (figure of speech).

Table 1 .
Text StructureMacro StructureThe global meaning of a text/discourse that can be observed from the topics/themes raised by a text/discourse

Teun A. Van Dijk Model a. Detik.com Macro Structure
"We urge you not to create traffic jams, don't use zebra crossings for fashion catwalks," said Deputy Mayor of Central Jakarta Irwandi to reporters, Tuesday (19/7/2022)." ""The Central Jakarta City Government (Pemkot Jakpus) has warned that the catwalk event should not cause traffic jams." 2. Paragraph 2, sentences 1, 2, and 3

A. Van Dijk Model Superstructure Analysis a. Detik.com Superstructure
If they do (come), Jakarta is free and open, but don't throw rubbish, don't lie down there, it will become dirty, right?In principle, we support it because it is a public facility, as long as they are orderly," he said.5. Use of quotation marks.The use of quotation marks in the news amounts to 3 pieces of data.The use of quotation marks in the news is as follows.Paragraph 6 "It's used by other people, not just Citayam children.That's its function as social and public facilities, there are other users, it's not just them who use it.Moreover, it (has the potential) to cause traffic jams," said Irwandi as quoted by Tribun Jakarta, Tuesday (19 /7/2022).Paragraph 10 "Yesterday, we enforced the prohibition of littering, we have controlled it.So the police asked them to disband at 10 pm," he said.Paragraph 14 "If they do (come), Jakarta is free and open, but don't throw rubbish, don't lie down there, it will become dirty, right?In principle, we support it because it is a public facility, as long as they are orderly," he said.Metaphor This facility is not exclusive only to young people there who are known as SCBD children (Sudirman, Citayam, Bojong Gede and Depok).