Politeness in Language in the Comments Column on the TVOne News Youtube Channel “Lesti Billar's Drama Case of Domestic Violence”

: One form of information and communication media that is very popular at this time is YouTube. This media can be used as a place to share videos with one another, be it videos that provide educational content, tutorials, up-to-date information, or documentary videos of one's personal life. Therefore, the forms of speech contained in YouTube are very diverse. With the various forms of speech contained on YouTube, there are also forms of politeness in speaking. Language politeness according to Geoffrey Leech, namely Geoffrey Leech divides the principles of politeness into six maxims, namely; tact maxim, generosity maxim, appreciation maxim ( approbation maxim), modesty maxim, and sympathy maxim. The author conducted this analysis with the aim of describing language politeness in the comments contained on the Tvonenews YouTube channel entitled Drama Lesti Billar's Domestic Violence Case. The data source in this study is the Tvonenews YouTube channel titled Lesti Billar's Domestic Violence Case Drama which has a video duration of 5 minutes 48 seconds, and was published on October 25 2022. Data analysis was carried out using the politeness maxim. In this analysis it was found that there were five of the six maxims of politeness in Leech's language on the Tvonenews YouTube channel entitled Drama of the Lesti Billar Domestic Violence Case from the 25 data there were 20 data included in the 5 maxims, namely: 4 tact maxims, 2 generosity maxims (generosity maxim), 4 approbation maxims, 3 modesty maxims, and 7 sympathy maxims.


I. Introduction
Language plays an important role for humans in the process of communication, one party as a speaker and the other party as a speaker. However, humans rarely pay attention to the language used in everyday life which is the main means of communication. Communication using polite speech is an ethic that must be maintained. The Indonesian nation is a vast country and has a very high level of politeness. All tribes and cultures in Indonesia uphold politeness. Politeness can be in the form of speech or behavior or attitude of a person. The language used to obtain information or share information with others. Of course, to obtain human information using the media, both print media such as letters, newspapers, magazines and electronic media such as television and radio or mass media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. Social media is something that is connected on the Internet, which is widely used by people from children, teenagers to adults, one of which is YouTube. Youtube is one of the social media used to get information and entertainment. Comments on Instagram can be in the form of utterances that comply with the politeness principles and some that deviate from the polite language principles. Apart from that, there are various possibilities behind the utterances that comply with and deviate from the politeness principle in YouTube commentary language. On the YouTube page, you can find lots of utterances contained in comments, especially among state officials, artists, or other well-known groups, not least of which these posts trigger fights between the pros and cons. from there came the idea to analyze politeness in comments on the YouTube channel.
Preliminary studies from previous research, namely (1) A research journal entitled "Politeness in Language in Instagram Caption Comments". The research journal was compiled by Henny Isnaini Hartini, Hasnah Faizah AR and Charlina. The difference in this research is that it lies in the object of research and previous researchers researched language politeness in Instagram caption comments, while the author researched language politeness on the YouTube channel. The similarities are both researching language politeness. (2) Indonesian language educational journal entitled "Politeness in Language and Its Violations in Deddy Corbuzier's Youtube Channel Siti Fadilah Edition: A Conspiracy" compiled by Itznaniyah Umie Murniatie, a student at the Islamic University of Semarang. The difference in this research is that it lies in the object of research and the researcher examines language politeness and its violations, while the author only researches language politeness. The similarity is that they both research language politeness. (3) Research journal entitled "Language Politeness in Online Media During the Covid-19 Period Indonesian Language is Upheld" compiled by Yusni Khairul Amri, Dian Marisha Putri. The difference in this study lies in the research object, namely the researcher uses online media data: cnbcindonesia.com, kompas.tv, kompas.com, detik.com, Republika.co.id, social media. while the author only uses commentary data on the Yotube channel. The similarity of this research is that they both examine language politeness and use Geoffrey Leech's politeness principles. Based on the reviews above, the authors draw conclusions from the title of this study, namely Politeness in the Comments Column on the Tvonenews Youtube Channel "Lesti Billar Domestic Violence Case Drama" Based on the Principles of Politeness in Language Geoffrey Leech.

II. Review of Literature
Pragmatics is the study of meaning associated with various word situations. According to Purwo (1990: 23-26) pragmatics is a linguistic subdiscipline that studies the application and mastery of language in communication. This is reinforced by the opinion of Leech (1993: 8) who argues that pragmatics is the study of meaning in relation to speech situations. According to Leech (1993:19-21), the aspects of the self-spoken situation include several aspects, namely: (1) the speaker (who greets or greets) and the addressee (who is greeted or greets), (2) the context of speech, as a knowledge background which is shared by speakers and interlocutors, (3) purpose of speech, (4) speech as an activity or activity, and (5) speech as a product of verbal acts. The use of language is essentially a process of conveying messages or ideas to listeners that contain meaning.
According to Purwo (1994:87) there are several experts who distinguish politeness in language. These experts are Lakoff, Fraser, Brown and Levinson and Leech. Their theory basically departs from the same observation, namely Grice's theory that in actual communication, speakers do not always adhere to the same working principle, which consists of maxims of quality, quantity, relation in that way. The difference, among other things, lies in how the experts see the form of a unified rule. (Charlina and Mangatur, 2007;33). However, in this study, the authors only focused on the politeness principles according to Leech. According to Leech Leech (1993: 126-127) politeness is something that cannot be underestimated, because according to Leech politeness is related to the relationship between communication participants, namely speakers and listeners. So the speaker uses the sentence in his speech politely without offending the listener. In speaking, he should pay attention to the principle of politeness so that the utterances spoken can be well received and considered polite. Leech (1993: 206-219) suggests a study of politeness principles in pragmatics which consists of six maxims, namely the maxim of discretion, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of appreciation, the maxim of modesty, the maxim of agreement, and the maxim of sympathy. The following is an explanation of the six maxims: among others a) The maxim of wisdom (Tact Maxim) The basic principle of the maxim of wisdom obliges the speech participant to reduce other people's losses and maximize other people's benefits; b) Generosity Maxim This generosity maxim expects participants to reduce their own gains and maximize their own losses or self-sacrifice. If the wisdom maxim is centered on others, the generosity maxim is self-centered; c) Approbation Maxim According to the maxim of appreciation, a person can be considered polite if he respects others. With the maxim of respect, it is hoped that the speech participants will not belittle or insult each other; d) Modesty Maxim According to the Modesty Maxim or the modesty maxim, participants can be humble by reducing self-praise so that participants are not said to be arrogant. The speaker is expected to be humble e) The agreement maxim (agreement maxim) The agreement maxim or the maxim of conformity emphasizes the compatibility between the speaker and the interlocutor. It is hoped that the participants and speech partners will be polite if there is an agreement; f) Sympathy Maxim According to the sympathy maxim, participants must maximize sympathy and minimize antipathy towards the other person.
The maxims above stated by Leech can be used to measure the politeness scale. The politeness scale is a politeness rating starting from the most polite to the most impolite. With the principles of politeness, speakers are expected to be able to use language politely. Politeness must be upheld so that among speakers there are no misunderstandings that can lead to disputes. When speaking politely, it cannot be separated from the age of a speaker when dealing with his interlocutor. A good speaker must be able to adjust the interlocutor whether he is younger, the same age or older.

The Maxim of Wisdom (Tact Maxim)
The maxim of wisdom (Tact Maxim) The basic principle of the maxim of wisdom obliges the speech participant to reduce other people's losses and maximize other people's benefits. If the speaker maximizes other people's benefits, the other person must maximize himself. The utterances on the maxim of wisdom are centered on others. One can avoid jealousy if one adheres to the maxim of wisdom. Beneficial treatment of other parties is done so that they are considered polite and protect the feelings of the other person.
From the commentary text on the YouTube channel above, we can see that netizens use the maxim of wisdom, namely maximizing respect, reducing insults and giving praise to others.
'Smg bilar di beri hidayah sm Allah SWT, menjadi imam/ kepala kelurga yg soleh amanah super sabar rendah hati lembut cr memperlakukan istri dan anaknya ,dan tdk sombong tdk angkuh lg dan tdk kasar lg dg istrinya lesti...Amin amin ya rabbal alamin' (D1/K1MKB) Comments from account users give more to the maxim of wisdom in the sentence, '…Smg bilar di beri hidayah sm Allah SWT,' this is reinforced by sentences that actually suppress feelings and are hopeful, as in the sentence, 'Menjadi imam/ kepala kelurga yg soleh, Amanah, super sabar, rendah hati, lembut cr memperlakukan istri dan anaknya ,dan tdk sombong, tdk angkuh lg, dan tdk kasar lg dg istrinya lesti...Amin amin ya rabbal alamin' In the text above, the account user gives up to 9 words of appreciation and even prays for the suspect in the domestic violence case, instead of insulting Bilar. The results of the analysis show the maxim of wisdom, but because it is done excessively it can be considered a violation of the maxim of wisdom. Why is it called a violation of the maxim of wisdom? Which netizens instead chose to comment positively and pray for Rizky Billar to change.
From the text of the comments on the YouTube channel above, we can see that netizens have used the maxim of discretion, namely maximizing the benefits of others (the case of Lesti and Rizky Billar).
From the text of the comments above, we can see that netizens use the maxim of wisdom, namely by reducing insults to the owner of the case and indirectly giving praise because the Lesti and Rizky Billar cases chose peace.
'Orang damai kok dibilang drama, alangkah banyak dosa orang2 kepo..'(D3/K1/MKB3) The account user's comment gives a maxim of wisdom in the sentence 'orang damai kok dibilang drama' , the account user tries to emphasize other account users so they don't comment negatively on the domestic violence case anymore, because as we know ourselves peace is actually more beautiful, reinforced by the sentence 'alangkah banyak dosa orang2 kepo.. From this sentence we can draw the conclusion that account users maximize profits and reduce losses in cases of domestic violence, maximize profits and reduce losses. The point here is that the account user is trying to put emphasis on other account users who are reluctant to comment positive for the decision taken by the figure in the domestic violence case.
From the text of the comments above, we can see that netizens use the maxim of wisdom, namely by maximizing respect for others by commenting that we cannot judge other people's decisions.
'Ya kita tidak bs menjadi hakim ke riski ini. Klo mereka berkeluarga bukan berbisnis dan mereka saling mengerti….'(D4/K1/MKB4) Comments from users of these accounts provide a policy of wisdomby choosing to reduce insults and maximize respect in the sentence 'Ya kita tidak bs menjadi hakim ke riski ini', this is reinforced by the sentence 'Klo mereka berkeluarga bukan berbisnis dan mereka saling mengerti….' In this sentence, the account user directly defends the decision taken by the case owner, emphasizes the sentence aimed at other account users not to interfere in their affairs, and respects the decisions they make.

Generosity Maxim
Someone can be said to be generous if that person reduces benefits for himself and maximizes benefits for other parties. With this generosity maxim, it is hoped that someone who speaks with his speech partners respects each other. The following is the politeness maxim of generosity found on the tvonenews YouTube channel entitled "Lesti Billar's Domestic Violence Drama". The comment snippet on the YouTube channel above shows that netizens use the maxim of generosity when allowing Lesti to forgive her husband who has committed domestic violence, even though Rizky Billar's attitude towards his wife is wrong. Thus netizens reduce the benefits for themselves, namely by fighting the anger in their hearts over cases of domestic violence and maximizing benefits for other parties (lesti and risky billars) so they don't split up. In addition to the snippet, the maxim of generosity can also be seen in the following comments: 'Lesti mmng satu satunya luar biasa sekejam apapun suami kamu. Kamu ttp maafin billar' (D5/K1/MKD1) Comments from account users lead to the maxim of generosity in the sentence 'Lesti mmng satu satunya luar biasa sekejam apapun suami kamu'. by giving praise to victims of domestic violence. Reinforced by the sentence 'Kamu ttp maafin billar', from this sentence it can be seen that the account user uses the generosity maxim which emphasizes or maximizes benefits for the victim of the domestic violence case, namely Lesti, the account user defends the victim and gives praise to her. This sentence is in accordance with the principle The maxim of generosity is maximizing the benefits of others and minimizing the losses of others.

Maxim Award
According to the appreciation maxim, a person will be considered polite if in speaking he always tries to give appreciation to other parties. This maxim expects the participants not to ridicule each other, not insult each other or belittle each other. This maxim obliges each participant to maximize respect for others and maximize praise for others.
The following explains the politeness of the maxims of praise found on the tvonenews YouTube channel entitled "Lesti Billar's Domestic Violence Drama".

Data 6 Netizens Comment on Rizky Billar's Domestic Violence Case Comment
Transcript Pintu maaf yg luar biasa, Tuhan saja bisa memaafkan hambanya.. smoga kesempatan terakhir ini si bilar bnr2 bisa berubah.. The comment snippet on the YouTube channel above shows that netizens use the maxim of appreciation in the sentence 'Pintu maaf yg luar biasa' by showing appreciation for the way a victim of domestic violence reacts and makes the best choice in the case of domestic violence that befalls him. However, he gives another sentence, namely '..smoga kesempatan terakhir ini si bilar bnr2 bisa berubah..' From this sentence, the account user violates the maxim of appreciation. , he carried out the maxim of wisdom, namely giving his hope to the suspect in the domestic violence case so that he could change.In addition to the excerpt, the maxims of praise can also be seen in the following comments:
From the snippet of the commentary text above, we can see that netizens use the maxim of appreciation, namely by giving praise and reducing insults to the owner of the case.

(D7/K1/MP2)
The account user's comments give more to the maxim of appreciation, namely in the sentence 'Salut buat lesti,..' this is further reinforced by sentences that actually emphasize feelings and are hopeful as in the sentence 'Semoga lelah mu jadi lillah dan kesedihan mu jdi kebahagian' in his text for the account users to give the best prayers to the victims of the domestic violence case. However, in one sentence written by the account user, it shows that the account user has violated the maxim of appreciation, namely emphasizing a sentence that is advisory to the victim of the domestic violence case, namely in the sentence 'tetap jangan smpai jauh dengan Dzat sang pemberi pintu taubat' this is actually the opposite of the sentence the appreciation he wrote earlier, for giving emphasis that comes from his feelings for the victims of domestic violence. From the commentary text on the YouTube channel above, we can see that netizens have used the maxim of respect, namely by reducing insults to the case and instead praising Lesti for forgiving her husband.

'Beruntung bilyar dapat Lesti biar siksa sampai masuk rumah sakit tetap di maafin cabut laporannya fenomena' (D8/K1/MP3)
In the comments above, the account user gives the maxim of appreciation for the attitude of the victim in this case, namely in the sentence 'beruntung bilyar dapat Lesti'. But in the sentence after that, namely "..Lesti biar siksa sampai masuk rumah sakit tetap di maafin" this sentence is the opposite of the sentence at first he wrote, actually the account user did not like the attitude of the victim who forgave the domestic violence case that befell the victim, but the account user tried to give negative comments which he arranged neatly and covered them by giving a sentence of appreciation at the beginning of the sentence, even though he actually wanted to give a negative comment but using the maxim of appreciation to cover it up because as we ourselves know that accepting torture to the point of being admitted to the hospital is not a proper attitude to be rewarded.
From the comments on the YouTube channel above, we can see that the netizen gave a maxim of appreciation, because the maxim of appreciation requires maximizing respect for others, reducing insults to others, and maximizing praise for others.
'Komen negative aja pada … buakn mempermainkan hukum , tapi memberi efek jera agar tdk terulang lg biar tau lesti punya keberanian ,kalau mencabut laporan dam memafkan itu hal luar biasa dan pihak lesti pun tdk sebodoh itu mencabut laporan tnpa membuat perjanjian untuk risky agar tidak terulang …doakan saja yang baik baik lah .. bisa nya pd nyinyir aja..saya bkn fans leslar tapi liat kebahagiaan mereka dan baby L sm papanya ikut Bahagia.' (D9/K1/MP4) In this comment, we can clearly see that the netizen reduced his insults for Lesti's action which revoked the report and maximized his praise for the action chosen by Lesti, namely in the sentence 'komen negative aja pada' then strengthened again with the sentence "… buakn mempermainkan hukum' … kalau mencabut laporan dam memafkan itu hal luar biasa'', from the sentence above it is clear that the account user is trying to provide support and support for the actions taken by the victim of domestic violence, he emphasizes sentences of appreciation and that is according to the maxim of appreciation. Then it was strengthened again by the sentence '…bisa nya pd nyinyir aja.', In this sentence it is clear that the account user is trying to have a positive influence on other account users so that they participate in maximizing the award for victims of domestic violence in this case.

The Maxim of Modesty (Humility)
This humility maxim seeks to praise oneself as little as possible and criticize oneself as much as possible. This humility or modesty maxim expects the speech participants to be humble to each other by reducing self-praise. The following is the politeness maxim of humility found on the tvonenews YouTube Channel entitled "Lesti Billar's Domestic Violence Drama".
The comment text on the YouTube channel above shows that account users use the maxim of humility. For more details, see the analysis results below: 'Klu gk salah sebelum jadi tersangka udah dicabut dah laporan nya sm lesti..tapiiii aaah sudahlah yg penting dede udah sehat kembli.' (D10/K1/MKR1) Actually, the account user felt disappointed with the action chosen by the victim of domestic violence by writing the sentence 'Klu gk salah sebelum jadi tersangka udah dicabut dah laporan nya sm lesti', reinforced his feeling of disappointment with the sentence "tapiiii aaah sudahlah, the word "aaah sudahlah", this is an expression that is often used in everyday life when someone feels disappointed and gives up on something that happened to him or someone around him. surrounding.
But in the sentence 'yg penting dede udah sehat kembli.' The account user remains humble and criticizes his opinion for himself without conveying it in the comments he wrote for the domestic violence case. In addition, the maxim of humility is also shown in the following comments.
From the text of the comments above, we can see that account users use the maxim of moderation, namely by not making harsh comments or giving insults.
SEMUA org punya masalah, jd biasa sj menyikapi semua ini, biar hukum dn lesti, bilar yg menyelesaikan masalah mereka sendiri KITA doakn sj yg terbaik.(D11/K1/MKR2) In the sentence 'jd biasa sj menyikapi semua ini' it can be seen that the account user is trying to be humble by trying to give positive comments to the case, because everyone also has problems, not just people related to the case who have problems, then reinforced with the sentence ',biar hukum dn lesti, bilar yg menyelesaikan masalah mereka sendiri' from the sentence it can be seen that the author is again being humble and still supporting without giving insults , Then in the last sentence the account user emphasizes the form of feeling in the form of the best hope to the case.

Sympathy Maxim
In the sympathy maxim the speech participant must maximize sympathy and minimize antipathy towards the speech partner. Society upholds sympathy for others, while someone who is cynical is considered impolite and violates politeness in language, the principle of the sympathy maxim. The sympathy maxim holds that when other people face difficulties should help and when getting success should say congratulations.
Following are the results of the analysis of politeness in the maxim of sympathy found in the comment column on the tvonenews youtube channel "Lesti Billar's Drama Case of Domestic Violence"

(D12/K1/MKS1)
From the comments on the YouTube channel above, we can see that netizens use the maxim of sympathy by showing their concern and sympathy in the sentence 'Moga kedepan lebih baik lg' the word Moga in this sentence or the default word is "hopefully' is an expression of the author's heart showing concern and sympathy for the domestic violence case. This was reinforced by the following sentence, namely 'manusia tak luput dari kesalahan' which means that the account user is trying to maximize his sympathy for the case by adding a sentence that is supportive and shows his concern for the case that is currently viral in the community. In addition to the comments above, the maxim of sympathy can also be seen from the following comments: From the comments on the YouTube channel, we can see that netizens use the maxim of sympathy, namely by showing their concern for the case by wishing well for the family that owns the case.

"Smg bpk ibunya lesti sekeluarga kelak masuk surganya Allah SWT...AMIN AMIN YA RABBAL ALAMIN.' (D13/K1/MKS2)
In the sentence " Smg bpk ibunya lesti sekeluarga kelak masuk surganya Allah SWT' user I use the maxim of sympathy which can be seen from the use of the word "hopefully" written in the comment. The word hopefully here means the hope that is conveyed to the family who owns the case, because the hope that is written is a good wish, meaning that the user of the account has a sense of sympathy for the case, Then it is strengthened again by the sentence "AMIN AMIN YES RABBAL ALAMIN.'What further emphasizes the hope for the families of victims of domestic violence cases, as we know praying for others is proof of our sympathy and concern for these people. From the comments on the YouTube channel above, we can see that netizens use the maxim of sympathy by commenting 'Gak tega liat ayah ny Lesti...' In this sentence the account user uses the phrase 'can't bear', which means that he feels sorry for Lesti's father. Pity/pity is the feeling of compassion, the pain that arises in our hearts when we see someone experiencing difficulties, and the feeling of pity itself will only appear when we feel sympathy, interest, or care for someone. So, in this case the account user clearly uses the sympathy maxim because there is a feeling of sympathy or concern in him when he sees the case, and expresses his pity into a form of sympathy which he writes in a comment.
From the comments on the YouTube channel above, we can see that netizens use the maxim of sympathy, which is to comment on encouraging Lesti and giving their best wishes.
'Semangat terus ya Lesti kejora damai itu indah memaafkan adalah pembuatan yang sangat Mulia, semoga jadi pelajaran bagi kita semua aamiin' (D15/K1/MKS4) In the sentence 'Semangat terus ya Lesti kejora' the account user shows his sympathy by giving encouragement, as we know that the maxim of sympathy has the principle that when someone gets success we have to congratulate them, and when someone gets into trouble we have to give motivation to get up.
Then strengthened again with the sentence 'semoga jadi pelajaran bagi kita semua aamiin'. This sentence is an expression of feelings that account users wrote about this case. The word 'hopefully' here shows his sympathy for the domestic violence case and gives his hope as a form of concern for this case.

IV. Conclusion
Based on the results of the analysis, several forms of language politeness were found on the tvonenews YouTube channel entitled Lesti Billar's Domestic Violence Case Drama. The strategy used by speakers ideally uses politeness speech acts. In this study it was found that there were five of the six politeness maxims in Leech's language on the Tvonenews YouTube channel entitled Drama Cases of Domestic Violence Lesti Billar from 25 data there were 20 data included in the 5 maxims, namely: 4 maxims of wisdom (tact maxim), 2 maxims of generosity (generosity maxim), 4 approbation maxims, 3 modesty maxims, and 7 sympathy maxims..