The Effects of Motivation, Leadership, and Work Environment on Employee's Performance: A Case of Local Government Agency in Emerging Country
Keywords:
work motivation; leadership; work environment; employee performance
Abstract
The performance of the Yapen Island Regency's Agriculture and Food Security Agency, as the responsible local government agency in developing the local agriculture sector, is still far from optimal, as seen from the decrease in its budget absorption. This study aims to determine and analyze the influences of work motivation, leadership, and work environment on employee performance at the mentioned local government agency. This quantitative research used a survey employing a questionnaire as a research instrument. Of 108 public officers became the sample. Multiple regression tests analyzed data with the help of SPSS software. The results showed that 1) there was a significant influence of motivation on employee performance, 2) there was a significant effect of leadership on employee performance, 3) there was a significant effect of the work environment on employee performance, and 4) motivation was the most dominant factor in affecting employee performance at the observed local government agency.
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References
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Fahrianta, R. Y., & Carolina, V. (2016). Analisis Efisiensi Anggaran Belanja Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Kapuas. Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 13(1).
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Guterresa, L., Armanu, A., & Rofiaty, R. (2020). The role of work motivation as a mediator on the influence of education-training and leadership style on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 10(7), 1497–1504.
Hafiza, N. S., Shah, S. S., & Jamsheed, H. (2011). Relationship between Rewards and Employee's Motivation in the Non-Profit Organizations of Pakistan. Business Intelligence Journal, 4(12), 327–334.
Hersona, S., & Sidharta, I. (2017). INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP FUNCTION, MOTIVATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEES'PERFORMANCE. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(3), 528–537.
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Maduka, C. E., & Okafor, O. (2014). Effect of Motivation on Employee Productivity: A Study of Manufacturing Companies in Nnewi. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 2(7), 137–147.
Martono, S., Khoiruddin, M., & Wulansari, N. A. (2018). Remuneration Reward Management System As a. International Journal of Business & Society, 19(4), 535–545.
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McMurray, A. J., Islam, M., Sarros, J. C., & Pirola‐Merlo, A. (2012). The impact of leadership on workgroup climate and performance in a non‐profit organization. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(6), 522–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731211253000
Muchtar, M. (2016). The influence of motivation and work environment on the performance of employees. Sinergi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Manajemen, 6(2), 27–40.
Munawaroh, A., Riantoputra, C. D. S., & Marpaung, S. B. (2013). Factors Influencing Individual Performance In An Indonesian Government Office. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 7(2), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v7i2.2051
Nasution, W. A. (2013). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Karya Deli Stelindo Medan. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Stie Ibbi, 20(2), 1–9.
Olson, D. M., & Borman, W. C. (1989). More Evidence on Relationships Between the Work Environment and Job Performance. Human Performance, 2(2), 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup0202_3
Omolo, P. A. (2015). Effect of motivation on employee performance of commercial banks in Kenya: A case study of Kenya Commercial Bank in Migori County. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 5(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v5i2.7504
Osabiya, B. J. (2015). The effect of employees motivation on organizational performance. Journal of public administration and policy research, 7(4), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAPR2014.0300
Pananrangi, M., Lewangka, O., & Sudirman, I. (2020). The Influence of Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance in Pt. Son Karella Mare. Hasanuddin Journal of Applied Business and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 20–32.
Putra, D. E., & Putri, Ju. D. (2020). Effect Of Work Environment And Work Discipline On The Performance Of SPKT Unit Membersi (Integrated Police Service Center) Sungai Penuh POLSEK With Work Motivation As An Intervening Variable. Jurnal Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, 3(2), 20–26.
Ramlall, S. J. (2008). Enhancing employee performance through positive organizational behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(6), 1580–1600. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00360.x
Sakti, W. T. W., Musriha, & Noviandari, I. (2018). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Disiplin Kerja dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Provinsi Jawa Timur di Surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen Branchmarck, 4(3), 101–110.
Saleleng, M., & Soegoto, A. S. (2015). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja, motivasi, pelatihan dan kompensasi, terhadap kinerja pegawai pada dinas pertanian Kabupaten Sorong Selatan. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 3(3), 695–708.
Santoso, S., & Tjiptono, F. (2002). Riset Pemasaran: Konsep dan. Aplikasinya dengan SPSS. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2011). Research Methods For Business Students, 5/e. Pearson. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=dDGPPd_4y5sC
Sethuraman, K., & Suresh, J. (2014). Effective leadership styles. International Business Research, 7(9), 165.
Sharma, M. K., & Jain, M. S. (2013). Leadership Management: Principles, Models and Theories. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(3), 2248–9878.
Sulaeman, M. (2018). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Disiplin Kerja dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kota Banjar. INA-Rxiv, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/8wb3a.
Syamsir, M., & Ramlawati, R. (2019). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi, dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. MANOR: JURNAL Manajemen dan Organisasi Review, 1(2), 89–100.
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Tarandung, C. D. . (2016). the Impact of Motivation, Participation and Competence of Employee Performance in Food Security and Agricultural Extension Office of East Bolaang Mongondow District. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 16(2), 550–559.
Uzonna, R. (2013). Impact of motivation on employees performance: A case study of CreditWest Bank Cyprus. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 5(5), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.5897/jeif12.086
Wahyudi, W., Semmaila, B., & Arifin, Z. (2020). Influences of work discipline, motivation and Working Environment Non physical on Civil apparatus Performance. Point Of View Research Management, 1(3), 1–8.
Warokka, A., Gallato, C. G., Thamendren, A., & Moorthy, L. (2012). Organizational justice in performance appraisal system and work performance: evidence from an emerging market. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 159467. DOI: 10.5171/2012.159467
Wirtenberg, J., Harmon, J., Russell, W. G., & Fairfield, K. D. (2007). HR's role in building a sustainable enterprise: Insights from some of the world's best companies. People and Strategy, 30(1), 10–20.
Wolf, L. F., & Smith, J. K. (1995). The consequence of consequence: Motivation, anxiety, and test performance. Applied Measurement in Education, 8(3), 227–242.
Xu, G., & Wang, Z. (2008). The impact of transformational leadership style on organizational performance: The intermediary effects of leader-member exchange. 2008 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering 15th Annual Conference Proceedings, 1090–1097.
Alfanny, J. (2018). Analysis of Leadership Style on Performance (Case Study Employee of Directorate of Infrastructure Investment Development, Ministry of Public Works and Housing). JURNAL SOSIAL HUMANIORA (JSH), 11(1), 19–26.
Chadwick, C., & Dabu, A. (2009). Human resources, human resource management, and the competitive advantage of firms: Toward a more comprehensive model of causal linkages. Organization science, 20(1), 253–272.
Chunghtai, A. A. (2008). Impact of Job Involvement on In-Role Job Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Institute of Behavioral and Applied Management, 169–183.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Darojat, T. A., Rahmat, A., & Djaafar, L. (2019). The Effect of Work Discipline, Work Motivation and Leadership on Employee Performance at PT. Devrindo Widya Karawang - Indonesia. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 9(1), 627–630.
De Jong, J. P. J., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2007). How leaders influence employees' innovative behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 41–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060710720546
Efendi, R., & Indartono, S. (2019). The Mediation of Economic Literacy on the Effect of Self Control on Impulsive Buying Behaviour Moderated by Peers. International Journal of Economics and Financial, 9(3), 98–104.
Fahrianta, R. Y., & Carolina, V. (2016). Analisis Efisiensi Anggaran Belanja Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Kapuas. Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 13(1).
Fatihudin, D. (2018). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Performance Through the Job Satisfaction in Drinking Water Company Pandaan Indonesia. International Journal of Management and Economics Invention, 4(11), 1982–1988. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijmei/v4i11.0
Fernandez, S., & Moldogaziev, T. (2013). Using employee empowerment to encourage innovative behavior in the public sector. Journal of public administration research and theory, 23(1), 155–187.
Guterresa, L., Armanu, A., & Rofiaty, R. (2020). The role of work motivation as a mediator on the influence of education-training and leadership style on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 10(7), 1497–1504.
Hafiza, N. S., Shah, S. S., & Jamsheed, H. (2011). Relationship between Rewards and Employee's Motivation in the Non-Profit Organizations of Pakistan. Business Intelligence Journal, 4(12), 327–334.
Hersona, S., & Sidharta, I. (2017). INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP FUNCTION, MOTIVATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEES'PERFORMANCE. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(3), 528–537.
Imran, R., Fatima, A., & Zaheer, A. (2012). How to Boost Employee Performance : Investigating the Influence of Transformational Leadership and Work Environment in a Pakistani Perspective How to Boost Employee Performance : Investigating the Influence of Transformational Leadership and Work Environm. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 11(10), 1455–1462. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2012.11.10.741
Indrawati, L. (2019). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. JURNAL SIMPLEX, 2(2), 90–97.
Jurkiewicz, C. L., Massey, T. K., & Brown, R. G. (1998). Motivation in Public and Private Organizations. Public Productivity & Management Review, 21(3), 230–250.
Kuranchie-Mensah, E. B., & Amponsah-Tawiah, K. (2016). Employee motivation and work performance: A comparative study of mining companies in Ghana. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM), 9(2), 255–309.
Kuswati, Y. (2020). The Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 995–1002. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.928
Kuswati, Y. (2019). Motivation Role in Improving Work Effectiveness. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal). P. 281-288
Maduka, C. E., & Okafor, O. (2014). Effect of Motivation on Employee Productivity: A Study of Manufacturing Companies in Nnewi. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 2(7), 137–147.
Martono, S., Khoiruddin, M., & Wulansari, N. A. (2018). Remuneration Reward Management System As a. International Journal of Business & Society, 19(4), 535–545.
McClelland, D. (1961). The Achieving Society. Princeton NJ: Van Nostrand.
McMurray, A. J., Islam, M., Sarros, J. C., & Pirola‐Merlo, A. (2012). The impact of leadership on workgroup climate and performance in a non‐profit organization. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(6), 522–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731211253000
Muchtar, M. (2016). The influence of motivation and work environment on the performance of employees. Sinergi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Manajemen, 6(2), 27–40.
Munawaroh, A., Riantoputra, C. D. S., & Marpaung, S. B. (2013). Factors Influencing Individual Performance In An Indonesian Government Office. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 7(2), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v7i2.2051
Nasution, W. A. (2013). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Karya Deli Stelindo Medan. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Stie Ibbi, 20(2), 1–9.
Olson, D. M., & Borman, W. C. (1989). More Evidence on Relationships Between the Work Environment and Job Performance. Human Performance, 2(2), 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup0202_3
Omolo, P. A. (2015). Effect of motivation on employee performance of commercial banks in Kenya: A case study of Kenya Commercial Bank in Migori County. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 5(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v5i2.7504
Osabiya, B. J. (2015). The effect of employees motivation on organizational performance. Journal of public administration and policy research, 7(4), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAPR2014.0300
Pananrangi, M., Lewangka, O., & Sudirman, I. (2020). The Influence of Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance in Pt. Son Karella Mare. Hasanuddin Journal of Applied Business and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 20–32.
Putra, D. E., & Putri, Ju. D. (2020). Effect Of Work Environment And Work Discipline On The Performance Of SPKT Unit Membersi (Integrated Police Service Center) Sungai Penuh POLSEK With Work Motivation As An Intervening Variable. Jurnal Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, 3(2), 20–26.
Ramlall, S. J. (2008). Enhancing employee performance through positive organizational behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(6), 1580–1600. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00360.x
Sakti, W. T. W., Musriha, & Noviandari, I. (2018). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Disiplin Kerja dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Provinsi Jawa Timur di Surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen Branchmarck, 4(3), 101–110.
Saleleng, M., & Soegoto, A. S. (2015). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja, motivasi, pelatihan dan kompensasi, terhadap kinerja pegawai pada dinas pertanian Kabupaten Sorong Selatan. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 3(3), 695–708.
Santoso, S., & Tjiptono, F. (2002). Riset Pemasaran: Konsep dan. Aplikasinya dengan SPSS. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2011). Research Methods For Business Students, 5/e. Pearson. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=dDGPPd_4y5sC
Sethuraman, K., & Suresh, J. (2014). Effective leadership styles. International Business Research, 7(9), 165.
Sharma, M. K., & Jain, M. S. (2013). Leadership Management: Principles, Models and Theories. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(3), 2248–9878.
Sulaeman, M. (2018). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Disiplin Kerja dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kota Banjar. INA-Rxiv, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/8wb3a.
Syamsir, M., & Ramlawati, R. (2019). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi, dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. MANOR: JURNAL Manajemen dan Organisasi Review, 1(2), 89–100.
Tandoapu, B., Syarifuddin, A., & Buhaerah, N. (2020). Analisis Lingkungan Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Morowali Utara. MM Journal, 1(2), 79–84.
Tarandung, C. D. . (2016). the Impact of Motivation, Participation and Competence of Employee Performance in Food Security and Agricultural Extension Office of East Bolaang Mongondow District. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 16(2), 550–559.
Uzonna, R. (2013). Impact of motivation on employees performance: A case study of CreditWest Bank Cyprus. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 5(5), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.5897/jeif12.086
Wahyudi, W., Semmaila, B., & Arifin, Z. (2020). Influences of work discipline, motivation and Working Environment Non physical on Civil apparatus Performance. Point Of View Research Management, 1(3), 1–8.
Warokka, A., Gallato, C. G., Thamendren, A., & Moorthy, L. (2012). Organizational justice in performance appraisal system and work performance: evidence from an emerging market. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 159467. DOI: 10.5171/2012.159467
Wirtenberg, J., Harmon, J., Russell, W. G., & Fairfield, K. D. (2007). HR's role in building a sustainable enterprise: Insights from some of the world's best companies. People and Strategy, 30(1), 10–20.
Wolf, L. F., & Smith, J. K. (1995). The consequence of consequence: Motivation, anxiety, and test performance. Applied Measurement in Education, 8(3), 227–242.
Xu, G., & Wang, Z. (2008). The impact of transformational leadership style on organizational performance: The intermediary effects of leader-member exchange. 2008 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering 15th Annual Conference Proceedings, 1090–1097.
Published
2021-06-19
How to Cite
Shantini Rumbi, Ferdinandus Christian, & Suparti. (2021). The Effects of Motivation, Leadership, and Work Environment on Employee’s Performance: A Case of Local Government Agency in Emerging Country. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 3(2), 347-360. https://doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v3i2.455
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