The Effects of Workload and Work Environment on Local Police Performance: A Test of Work-related Stress' Mediating Effect
Keywords:
workload; work environment; work-related stress
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the influence of workload and work environment, mediated by work-related stress, on local police officers' performance. The population of this research was police officers of the Yapen Island Regency's Local Police, Papua region. The Slovin formula was used to determine the number of samples, and as many as 169 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used as a research instrument. The SPSS Statistics was used to analyze the data. The analytical method used was descriptive analysis, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, regression analysis, and mediation analysis using PROCESS macro by Hayes. The results showed that workload and work environment had a significant favorable influence on work-related stress. It also revealed that workload and work environment had a significant favorable influence on performance. Besides, work-related stress had a significant negative influence on performance. Work-related stress could mediate the relationship between workload and performance, while the relationship between work environment and performance could not be mediated by work-related stress. It implies that workload should be the improvement priority in designing the achievable performance target.
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References
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Huyghebaert, T., Gillet, N., Beltou, N., Tellier, F., & Fouquereau, E. (2018). Effects of Workload on teachers' functioning: A moderated mediation model including sleeping problems and overcommitment. Stress and Health, 34(5), 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2820
Im, T. (2009). An exploratory study of time stress and its causes among government employees. Public Administration Review, 69(1), 104-115.
Jones, T. E. (2019). Key Factors That Influence Job Performance: The Performance Pathway Model. Training Industry.
Khuong, M. N., & Yen, V. H. (2016). Investigate the effects of job stress on employee job performance--a case study at Dong Xuyen industrial zone, Vietnam. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 7(2), 31.
Manaf, A., Matin, M., & Zulaikha, S. (2019). Effect of Work Environment and Work Loads on the Performance of Police Educators in Sepolwan Lemdiklat Polri. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 1(5), 461–466. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v1i5.1714
McCoy, J. M. (2002). Work environments. Handbook of environmental psychology, 443-460.
Munandar, A., Musnadi, S., & Sulaiman, S. (2018). The Effect of Work Stress, Work Load and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction And It's Implication on The Employee Performance of Aceh Investment And One Stop Services Agency. Proceeding of the First International Graduate Conference (IGC) On Innovation, Creativity, Digital, & Technopreneurship for Sustainable Development in Conjunction with The 6th Roundtable for Indonesian Entrepreneurship Educators 2018.
Murali, S. B., Basit, A., & Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance. International Journal of Accounting, Business & Management, 5(2), 13–33.
Ngatimun, Sanusi, A., & Manan, A. (2019). The Effect of Workload , Work Stress , and Emotional Intelligence towards Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitment. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 21(8), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2108026372
Oron-Gilad, T., Szalma, J. L., Stafford, S. C., & Hancock, P. A. (2008). The workload and performance relationship in the real world: A study of police officers in a field shooting exercise. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 14(2), 119-131.
Rorong, S. V. (2016). The impact of physical work environment toward employee performance at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia Manado Regional Office. Journal EMBA, 4(1), 441–450.
Saragih, S.L., and Ananda, R. (The Relation between the Empowerment of Teacher's Meeting and Achievement Motivation on Teacher Performances in MTsN 3 (Islamic Junior High School 3) Simalungun. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal. P. 37-51.
Schmidt, F. L. (2002). The role of general cognitive ability and job performance: Why there cannot be a debate. Human performance, 15(1-2), 187-210.
Shabbir, B., & Naqvi, R. (2017). Impact of Workload and Job Complexity on Employee Job Performance with the Moderating Role of Social Support and Mediating Role of Job Stress: A Study of Travel agencies in Rawalpindi, Islamabad and AJK. Journal of Accounting & Marketing, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9601.1000214
Shahriari, J. ., Mehdi, M., Pirhossein, K., & Jasmid, M. (2013). Influential Factors on Job Stress and Its Effect on The Employee's Performance among Bank Sepah Branches in Tehran. Journal OF Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(3), 446–451.
Sharma, S. (2015). Occupational stress in the armed forces: An Indian army perspective. IIMB Management Review, 27(3), 185-195.
Sinambela, S. (2020). The Effect of Workload on Job Stress, Work Motivation, and Employee Performance. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(4).
Susiarty, A., Suparman, L., & Suryatni, M. (2019). the Effect of Workload and Work Environment on Job Stress and Its Impact on the Performance of Nurse Inpatient Rooms At Mataram City General Hospital. Scientific Research Journal, 7(6), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.31364/scirj/v7.i6.2019.p0619661
Vischer, J. C. (2008). Towards an environmental psychology of workspace: how people are affected by environments for work. Architectural science review, 51(2), 97-108.
Waal, A. de. (2018). Success factors of high performance organization transformations. Measuring Business Excellence, 22(4), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1108/mbe-08-2018-0055
Warokka, A., & Febrilia, I. (2015). Work-family conflict and job performance: Lesson from a Southeast Asian emerging market. Journal of Southeast Asian Research, 2015(2015), 1–14.
Ackah, D. (2015). The Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance in the Manufacturing Industry in Ghana. Global Journal of Management Studies and Researches, 1(5), 291–310. https://doi.org/10.24924/ijabm/2015.11/v3.iss2/29.45
Ahmed, A., & Ramzan, M. (2013). Effects of job stress on employees job performance: A study on banking sector of Pakistan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11(6), 61–68.
Al-Mohannadi, A., & Capel, S. (2007). Stress in physical education teachers in Qatar. Social Psychology of Education, 10(1), 55–75.
Alkubaisi, M. M. (2015). How can Stress Affect Your Work Performance? Quantitative Field Study on Qatari Banking Sector. Business and Management Research, 4(1), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v4n1p99
Arafat, M. Y., Warokka, A., Abdullah, H. H., & Septian, R. R. (2012). The triple bottom line effect on emerging market companies: A test of corporate social responsibility and firm value relationship. Journal of Southeast Asian Research, 2012(2012), 1-15.
Arif, S., et al. (2019). Influence of Leadership, Organizational Culture, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction of Performance Principles of Senior High School in Medan City. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal). P. 239-254
Arnetz, B. B., Arble, E., Backman, L., Lynch, A., & Lublin, A. (2013). Assessment of a prevention program for work-related stress among urban police officers. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 86(1), 79-88.
Huff, J. (2020). Examining Variation in Police Discretion: The Impact of Context and Body-Worn Cameras on Officer Behavior (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University).
Campbell, J. P., & Wiernik, B. M. (2015). The Modeling and Assessment of Work Performance. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2(August), 47–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111427
Chen, Y. F. (2009). Job stress and performance: A study of police officers in central Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 37(10), 1341-1356.
Cherrington, D. J. (1989). The Management of Individual and Organizational Performance: Instructor's Manual for Organizational Behavior. Allyn and Bacon.
Christy, M. Y. P., & Priartini, P. S. (2019). Role of work stress and organizational commitments in educating workload effect on intention to quit. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(4), 8–16.
Dalbokova, D., & Krzyzanowski, M. (2002). Environmental health indicators: Development of a methodology for the WHO European region. Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 19(1-2 SPEC.), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.3233/sju-2002-191-209
Davies, S. G., Meliala, A., & Buttle, J. (2016). Gangnam Style versus Eye of the Tiger: people, police and procedural justice in Indonesia. Policing and society, 26(4), 453–474.
Desa, N. M., Khoon, T. L., & Asaari, M. H. A. H. (2018). Work Stress Toward Work Environment, Management Support, and Employee Satisfaction among Employees of Public Organizations. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.81.1.11
Fan, J., & Smith, A. P. (2017). The impact of workload and fatigue on performance. International symposium on human mental Workload: Models and applications, 90–105.
Handayani, R. (2019). The Effect of Discipline and Work Environment on Employee Performance in Ciputat Sector Police. PINISI Discretion Review, 3(2), 125. https://doi.org/10.26858/pdr.v3i2.13258
Handoko, T. H. (2014). Manajemen Personalia dan Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Hartinah, S., Suharso, P., Umam, R., Syazali, M., Lestari, B., Roslina, R., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2020). Retracted: Teacher's performance management: The role of principal's leadership, work environment and motivation in Tegal City, Indonesia. Management Science Letters, 10(1), 235–246.
Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., Shepherd, D. A., & Bott, J. P. (2009). Managers' corporate entrepreneurial actions: Examining perception and position. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(3), 236–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.03.002
Huyghebaert, T., Gillet, N., Beltou, N., Tellier, F., & Fouquereau, E. (2018). Effects of Workload on teachers' functioning: A moderated mediation model including sleeping problems and overcommitment. Stress and Health, 34(5), 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2820
Im, T. (2009). An exploratory study of time stress and its causes among government employees. Public Administration Review, 69(1), 104-115.
Jones, T. E. (2019). Key Factors That Influence Job Performance: The Performance Pathway Model. Training Industry.
Khuong, M. N., & Yen, V. H. (2016). Investigate the effects of job stress on employee job performance--a case study at Dong Xuyen industrial zone, Vietnam. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 7(2), 31.
Manaf, A., Matin, M., & Zulaikha, S. (2019). Effect of Work Environment and Work Loads on the Performance of Police Educators in Sepolwan Lemdiklat Polri. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 1(5), 461–466. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v1i5.1714
McCoy, J. M. (2002). Work environments. Handbook of environmental psychology, 443-460.
Munandar, A., Musnadi, S., & Sulaiman, S. (2018). The Effect of Work Stress, Work Load and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction And It's Implication on The Employee Performance of Aceh Investment And One Stop Services Agency. Proceeding of the First International Graduate Conference (IGC) On Innovation, Creativity, Digital, & Technopreneurship for Sustainable Development in Conjunction with The 6th Roundtable for Indonesian Entrepreneurship Educators 2018.
Murali, S. B., Basit, A., & Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance. International Journal of Accounting, Business & Management, 5(2), 13–33.
Ngatimun, Sanusi, A., & Manan, A. (2019). The Effect of Workload , Work Stress , and Emotional Intelligence towards Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitment. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 21(8), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2108026372
Oron-Gilad, T., Szalma, J. L., Stafford, S. C., & Hancock, P. A. (2008). The workload and performance relationship in the real world: A study of police officers in a field shooting exercise. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 14(2), 119-131.
Rorong, S. V. (2016). The impact of physical work environment toward employee performance at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia Manado Regional Office. Journal EMBA, 4(1), 441–450.
Saragih, S.L., and Ananda, R. (The Relation between the Empowerment of Teacher's Meeting and Achievement Motivation on Teacher Performances in MTsN 3 (Islamic Junior High School 3) Simalungun. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal. P. 37-51.
Schmidt, F. L. (2002). The role of general cognitive ability and job performance: Why there cannot be a debate. Human performance, 15(1-2), 187-210.
Shabbir, B., & Naqvi, R. (2017). Impact of Workload and Job Complexity on Employee Job Performance with the Moderating Role of Social Support and Mediating Role of Job Stress: A Study of Travel agencies in Rawalpindi, Islamabad and AJK. Journal of Accounting & Marketing, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9601.1000214
Shahriari, J. ., Mehdi, M., Pirhossein, K., & Jasmid, M. (2013). Influential Factors on Job Stress and Its Effect on The Employee's Performance among Bank Sepah Branches in Tehran. Journal OF Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(3), 446–451.
Sharma, S. (2015). Occupational stress in the armed forces: An Indian army perspective. IIMB Management Review, 27(3), 185-195.
Sinambela, S. (2020). The Effect of Workload on Job Stress, Work Motivation, and Employee Performance. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(4).
Susiarty, A., Suparman, L., & Suryatni, M. (2019). the Effect of Workload and Work Environment on Job Stress and Its Impact on the Performance of Nurse Inpatient Rooms At Mataram City General Hospital. Scientific Research Journal, 7(6), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.31364/scirj/v7.i6.2019.p0619661
Vischer, J. C. (2008). Towards an environmental psychology of workspace: how people are affected by environments for work. Architectural science review, 51(2), 97-108.
Waal, A. de. (2018). Success factors of high performance organization transformations. Measuring Business Excellence, 22(4), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1108/mbe-08-2018-0055
Warokka, A., & Febrilia, I. (2015). Work-family conflict and job performance: Lesson from a Southeast Asian emerging market. Journal of Southeast Asian Research, 2015(2015), 1–14.
Published
2021-02-27
How to Cite
Arip Marianto. (2021). The Effects of Workload and Work Environment on Local Police Performance: A Test of Work-related Stress’ Mediating Effect. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 3(1), 159-173. https://doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v3i1.390
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Articles
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